Chiang Mai

Chiang Mai

Chiang Mai Province.

From Wikipedia. States.

"New York" redirects here. For other uses, see York (disambiguation).

Chiang Mai Province.

Provincial seal.

Doi Suthep is Sri. Is an elegant tradition.

Blossoms are beautiful eyes. The priceless Pink City.

Information.

Thailand Chiang Mai font name.

Roman name Chiang Mai.

Other names Dr. Mai Thailand Chiang Mai Srinagar.

Chiang Mai Meet West Chester PA'm endorsing.

Governor Tanin Supa me.

(Since 2555).

NU President Administration Boonlert integrated retailer.

(Since 2551).

ISO 3166-2 TH-50.

Provinces dark blue color.

Provincial dhak tree.

Provincial dhak flower.

Statistics.

Area of ​​20,107.057 square kilometers [1].

(# 2).

Population of 1,646,144 [2] (2554).

(# 5).

Density of 81.87 people / sq km

(# 54).

GDP 125,080 million [3] (2553).

Government Center.

The Town Hall, London Road, Elephant Chotana district. Muang. Chiang Mai 50300.

Phone: (+66) 0 5311 2713.

Chiang site.

Map

 

 Thailand part of the encyclopedia.

Chiang Mai Province. A province of Thailand. Located in the northern part of the country. Covering an area of ​​about 20,107 square kilometers. The second largest in the country and has a population of 1,708,564 people, [4], it ranked fifth in the country north of Burma with the Shan State.

Chiang Mai province is subdivided into 25 districts with the city center district of the province on 2552 with the establishment of a district Galyani Vadhana District No. 25 and No. 878 of the province, which is the last district in Thailand. However, as of late October 2555, Chiang Mai Provincial Administration Organization Council. Approved the establishment of the proposed district Nanthaburi honor. The Ministry of the Interior [5].

Thailand has a long history. Used to be the capital of the ancient Lanna Kingdom Lanna language (the city) is localized. Both the unique cultural traditions. And a number of area attractions. By posing as a creative city. The city is considering applying to the creation of UNESCO [6].

Contents [hide].

1 history.

2 Geo.

Three counties.

Four provincial symbols.

5 Economics.

6 population.

7, traditions and culture.

8 communication.

9 utilities.

10 sports.

11 Things to Do.

12 brothers town.

13 references.

14 other sources.

[Edit] History.

King Monument is worshiping the serpent Phaya Mang loss (Ramkhamhaeng) and Phaya Ngam Muang.

City. The name appears in the legend. "Dr. Si Chiang Mai Chiang Mai" was built in the year 1839 by the serpent is ever likely to reach 700 years of age in 2539.

In the past, Chiang Mai was the capital of an independent state called the Kingdom of Lanna. Which was ruled by the dynasty Manga about 261 years (between 1839-2101 BC) until the year 2101 in New York City interests to the Lord Buddha at Ngong Burma. And under the rule of Burma for over two hundred years. Until the reign of King Taksin. We have a war to expel Myanmar from Chiang Mai and Chiang successfully. Led by Lord Kavila and Bright House.

Later, King Rama the Great skyline. He graciously. Establish a Kavila HRH Kawila sympathy. To rule the northern districts of the city as a settlement of Ratana's Sin City. Works Chakrawut nectar and royal families. (House of the Seven), who is the son of HRH Kawila sympathy. The city government and the various districts and the city as a successor. "Meet Chiang Mai Newark NJ Mulberry meta".

In the reign of King Rama V. Districts have been formed to govern the colony. The provincial government is establishing Etsapibal called "West Riding" The world has improved, and the government as a "province" since the year 2476 BC during the reign of King Rama VII. To date.

[Edit] Geography.

[Edit] Location.

Chiang Mai is located at latitude 16 degrees north, longitude 99 degrees east elevation from sea level to about 310 meters wide from west-to-east about 138 kilometers long from north to south is about 428 kilometers away from Bangkok 696. km [7].

[Edit] border.

North interact with the Shan State of Burma. By Doi Doi Doi Kham ghost fable of glass cover the main mountain Mount Cup Pong Cave Hill author and Doi Ang Khang, Doi Pha Manitowoc as part of the Lao mountain range. The boundary line.

South with Sam Ngao district. Mae Ramat. Song Yang and Mae (TAK) are channel up and Doi Mae Dickens fable Doi Doi Luang nailing the boundary line.

With the Mae Fah Luang district east. Wiang Pa Pao district, Chiang Rai and Mae Suai district. (Chiang Rai) Muang Pan. Lampang. (Lampang) Ban Pa Sang District, Lamphun district commissioners Wiang Nong Long. Hong Bang Bang and Lee (Lamphun) to Chiang Rai and Lampang has a deep channel of the river reeds. Sang Doi Doi Doi Mae Rice Watershed pit bull at Doi Doi Mae Wang boards and in the boundary line. The News Lampoon is too Doi Chang and Doi Khun Huay Ping into the channel boundary.

West with Pai. Mae La Noi district, Muang District, Yuam. York District. And District Level subject. (Mae) has contracted red Doi Doi Doi fable ghost town transformed Doi Mae Ya Doi Doi Mae Surin Angket Yuam Doi and Rong Doi Luang her mother's ghost fable Oil and Doi Doi Khun Mae shallow boundary line.

Thailand's border with Myanmar in five districts: Amphoe Mae Ai District, Chiang Fang. Wiang Haeng. Chai Prakan district. The distance is 227 km border area is mostly forest. Can not settle the territory. And problems of international borders.

[Edit] Geography.

The terrain is mostly mountainous province of Chiang Mai.

Thailand has an area of ​​20,107.057 square kilometers, or about 12,566,911 acres with a large area of ​​the North # 1 and # 2 of the second province. Topography is generally mountainous terrain and scrubland. The central plains along both banks of the Ping River. The highest mountain in Thailand, Doi Inthanon is about 2565.3355 meters high in Chom Thong district. It also has the second highest mountain that has many of the 2,285 meter high Doi Pha Hom Pok 2170 m high Doi Luang Chiang Dao Doi Suthep, 1,601 feet high, the area can be divided into two types.

Most of the mountain areas in the north. And west of the province. Accounted for approximately 80 percent of the province [7] is an area of ​​forest watershed. Unfit for cultivation.

Flat alluvial plains and foothills. Are scattered across the valley in the north - south alluvial plains and alluvial Fang Mae Ping wedge. The area is rich in agriculture.

[Edit] Climate.

Thailand has a relatively cool weather throughout the year. The average annual temperature is 25.4 ° C, with an average maximum temperature of 31.8 degrees Celsius, the lowest average temperature is 20.1 degree Celsius, rainfall 1100-1200 mm Chiang Climate is under the influence of the monsoon Southwest monsoon 2. south and northeast monsoon. Divided into three climatic seasons [7].

[Hide] Climate data of Chiang Mai.

Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec all. year

Average Maximum Temperature ° C (° F) 29.4.

(84.9) 32.2.

(90) 34.9.

(94.8) 36.1.

(97) 34.0.

(93.2) 32.6.

(90.7) 8.31.

(89.2) 31.3.

(88.3) 31.5.

(88.7) 31.3.

(88.3) 29.8.

(85.6) 3.28.

(82.9) 31.93.

(89.48).

The average minimum temperature ° C (° F) 14.2.

(57.6) 15.6.

(60.1) 19.

(66) 22.4.

(72.3) 7.23.

(74.7) 9.23.

(75) 23.8.

(74.8) 6.23.

(74.5) 1.23.

(73.6) 22.1.

(71.8) 19.2.

(66.6) 3.15.

(59.5) 20.49.

(68.89).

Rainfall mm (inches) 7.7.

(0.303) 9.2.

(0.362) 19.2.

(0.756) 54.1.

(2.13) 153.

(6.02) 117.3.

(4,618) 153.2.

(6,031) 224.6.

(8,843) 200.2.

(7,882) 118.1.

(4.65) 51.3.

(2.02) 3.18.

(0.72) 1126.2.

(44.339).

Average rain days (≥ 0.1 mm) 0.7 1 2.2 6.4 14.6 16 18.4 20.6 17.2 11.6 5.1 1.6 115.4.

Source: WMO.

[Edit] resource.

[Edit] forest.

Chiang Mai province is composed of several types of evergreen forest, mixed deciduous forest, dry dipterocarp forest and mixed deciduous forest, pine forest, and the forest area consists of forest plantations and natural forest regeneration. The forest is located in Chiang Rai 8,787,656 representing 69.92 percent of the province area [7] National Forest is divided into 25 of the 13 national parks, wildlife sanctuaries. Hunting and Nature Park in Chiang Mai province, including 1.

Doi Inthanon National Park.

Doi Suthep - Pui.

Mae Ping National Park.

Ob Luang National Park.

Huai Nam Dang National Park.

Sri Lanna National Park.

Doi Wiang Pha.

National Mother lemongrass.

Khun Khan National Park.

Chiang Dao National Park.

Mae Tho National Park.

Mae Fang National Park.

Ob Khan National Park.

In addition, Thailand also has a problem with the regular forest. Important cause. Illegal logging. Intrusion to Gaysorn and forest fires.

[Edit] Wildlife Resources.

Forest areas in the province. With biodiversity. Animals are found are barking foxes, leopards, civet musk, ferrets, gibbons, monkeys, porcupine, lynx Hmohrieg hare, lizard, lizards, snakes, geckos, beetles lowering grouse canary bird throated rail woodpecker bird be dark blue field, parrots, birds, magpie bird's to pulleys Jay Bird. Cuckoo bird birds blue throated green warbler bird weaverbird Contact Bulbul bird Rawangapr Drongo Bird barbets Martin Quail Dove Dove Tree big green bird dove bird tilting action bulging etc. [citation needed].

[Edit] Water Resources.

Chiang Mai is the Mae Ping River and the waters of the dam, large second guang Imperial Tara Mae. Doi Saket. Mae Taeng district, lakes and dams and also lever is divided by the watershed area.

Upper Ping River Basin. The most important watershed in the northern area of ​​25,355.9 square kilometers is now the terrain is mountainous with steep slopes, high complexity. Posing the north - south. Areas most vulnerable to landslides and soil erosion. Climate is Savannah is the rainy season, alternating with the drought clearly [citation needed] and the river the next 14 watershed sub-river systems, including the Ping River Mae Taeng Mae Kuang Ma leverage Mae Mae Khan, and I woke up.

With the Mae Kok River is the main river reeds. The origin of mountains in Burma. It flows through the city, throwing the country into Thailand, Myanmar, Mae Ai District and the water just flows into Chiang Rai. Before flowing into the river. Covering an area of ​​2,773 square kilometers [citation needed].

Fang Fang Basin River is the main river. The origin of the Doi Doi Khun Huai Fang's head. Southern District Chai Prakan. Rivers flowing into it. The river is about 70 kilometers long and covers an area of ​​1948.5 sq km basin in Chai Prakan, Fang and Mae Ai district.

[Edit] Resources.

Chiang Mai is the utilization of mineral resources. There are eight different types of minerals, including coal, feldspar (แreฟanmga) kaolin, manganese, tin fluoride Chialts old rock and mineral industries. And Chiang Mai also has other important mineral resources such as petroleum Fang geological attractions, including the San Kamphaeng hot springs and boiling Pong Fang Mae Rim Mae Taeng District, mineral water etc.

[Edit] earthquake.

Chiang Mai is located on a major fault of the country. To have been affected by the earthquake. By the most severe one occurred in December 2549 with a Richter magnitude 5.1 centered in Mae Rim. Cause minor damage in Mae Rim district and adjacent districts.

Historical earthquake centered in Chiang Mai province (over 4.0 Richter scale).

Date at the center of coordinates.

Tue May 26, 2521 6:22:29 AM 4.8 Mw Prao 19 ° 27 'N 99 ° 06' E.

February 10, 2523 9:17:52 PM SMF 4.2 Mw 19 ° 35 'N 99 ° 23' E.

June 20, 2525 20:20:40 PM SMF 4.3 Mw 18 ° 92 'N 99 ° 18' E.

February 19, 2531 1:38:42 PM SMF 4.2 Mw 18 ° 87 'N 99 ° 17' E.

May 8, 2537 2:56:00 PM SMF 4.5 Mw 18 ° 30 'N 99 ° 20' E.

November 5, 2538 6:57:00 PM 4.0 Mw, A. Fang, 19 ° 70 'N 98 ° 60' E.

December 21, 2538 23:30:00 PM 5.2 Mw Phrao district, 19 ° 70 'N 99 ° 00' E.

July 13, 2541 9:20:00 AM 4.1 Mw, A. Fang, 19 ° 70 'N 99 ° 10' E.

December 18, 2545 20:47:00 PM 4.3 Mw Dao Tue 19 ° 40 'N 99 ° 10' E.

December 4, 2548 16:34 PM Tue 4.1 Mw mother placed 18 ° 70 'N 98 ° 50' E.

December 13, 2549 00:02 PM Tue Rim 5.1 Mw 18 ° 93 'N 98 ° 97' E.

June 19, 2550 12:06 PM Tue Rim 4.5 Mw 18 ° 90 'N 99 ° 00' E.

Source: [8] The seismic surveillance. Meteorological Department

[Edit] Government.

[Edit] The provincial government.

Thailand is divided into 25 districts Township District 204 District 2066 villages and 25 districts, which are as follows.

 

Muang.

Chom Thong district.

Chaem.

Chiang Dao.

Doi Saket.

Mae Taeng district.

Mae Rim.

Samoeng district.

Fang.

Mae Ai district.

Phrao district.

San Pa Tong district.

San Kamphaeng district.

Sansai.

Hangdong.

Hod.

Doi Tao district.

Koi district.

Saraphi.

Wiang Haeng.

Chai Prakan district.

Mae Wang.

Mae on.

Doi Lor.

Amphoe Galyani Vadhana.

[Edit] Local Government.

Local governments (Apt.) with 211 categorized as one of the Provincial Administration, one city council, four city councils, 97 district councils, and 109 Organization. Are as follows.

Chiang Mai Provincial Administration Organization.

Muang.

Chiang Mai.

Municipal Mae Hia.

District galaxy.

Tha Sala district.

Municipality of Daet.

District Fa Ham.

Sua district.

Suthep district.

District Nongpakrang.

Nong Hoi.

Chom Thong district.

Chom Thong district.

Crystal Hill District.

Paste the home district.

Luang district.

Kuang Pao District.

Tia district meet.

It's my district.

Chaem.

Municipality cliff.

Chaem District.

Chiang Dao.

Chiang Dao district.

Municipality rice bunch.

District Phra That Pu Kam.

Ping Khong district.

Municipal District simple

In my district.

Doi Saket.

Doi Saket district.

Elegant home district.

Municipal Cherng Doi.

Northern District false.

Municipality's covered it.

Mae Pong district.

Complementing the forest district.

District parent.

I wrested the district.

Movie Market district.

The municipal market.

District forest protection.

Smrayrars district.

Mae Taeng district.

Development in the municipality.

Government Houses of the Holy Mother.

District's Mhapn.

Sighted in North Beach district.

Mae Rim.

Mae Rim district.

District cassia.

The Northern District.

Pong district.

Samoeng district.

Southern District Samoeng.

Fang.

Mae Kha district.

Chiang Fang district.

Mae Ai district.

Mae Ai district.

Phrao district.

Municipal Water District of diffusion.

Ban Pong district.

District forest defenses.

District Forest reissued position.

Mae Pang district.

Wiang Phrao district.

San Pa Tong district.

District Field gland.

Central District home.

San Pa Tong district.

San Kamphaeng district.

The municipality is the target.

Plus outstanding district.

District puka.

San Kamphaeng district.

Municipality of Niagara.

Hod.

The Municipality.

Bo Luang district.

Sugar House district.

Sansai.

Chiang Mai city.

Cook Chedi district.

Bamboo forest district.

Municipal District mite.

District parent vetiver.

Sansai Luang district.

Municipality of San Na Meng.

Pa Pao district.

District's eyes.

Nong Chom.

Nong Han.

Nong Yaeng.

Hangdong.

Ring home district.

District's Wurzels.

Nong be developed.

Hang Dong district.

District divided by glass.

Doi Tao district.

Thadeua district.

Koi district.

Koi district.

Saraphi.

District topped gift.

District Chompoo.

Chai district property.

Don Kaeo district.

Municipality wide.

Tha Wang Tan district.

District Noeng tires.

District apocalyptic treatise on the history of Buddhism in Lankha

Saraphi district.

Nong Bee.

Nong vetiver.

Wiang Haeng.

District a jar.

Chai Prakan district.

Chai Prakan district.

Nong Bua district.

Mae Wang.

Mae Wang district.

[Edit] Governor of Chiang Mai Province.

The name of the Governor of Chiang Mai Province.

No. the term of office.

Pong Phen rich off one ruler in 2444 BC.

Top cities across the second ruler. Do not know.

3 Prince's Trust Rock the best. Do not know.

4 Prince William Princess Chaiwut organizations (sequin Meet junction) is not known.

5 Prince Pet Resort in Sawat Range (Mr. Chulasingh Vasantasingh Man) Act 2461 - Act 2471.

6th Lord West Nursery Works (pun Aasn Chinda) Act 2471 - Act 2481.

7 Lord Amon Dictyoptera maintain (and Na Thalang) Year 2481 - 2484.

8 Buddha, Click. (R. rooted in supposedly temporary) 2484 - 2485.

9 titled wish happiness margarines (no fortune, prosperity) 2485 - 2488 BC.

10 Mr. 's hard to be funny on June 18 2488 to 30 September 2489.

Noosa Triathlon School Johnny Appleseed 11th Circuit Drug (s School of Medicine Amporn Tri Circuit) 22 October 2489 to 30 January 2494.

12 Mr. enriched my experience on 30 January 2494 to 30 June 2495.

13 Balance July 1, Prasert Kanchana 2495 to 12 June 2501.

14 Pol.Col the future she's 16 June 2501 to 28 August 2502.

The tote is 15 Suthat August 31, 2502 to 30 June 2503.

16 Pol.Col ever finish the 1 July 2503 to 30 September 2514.

Mr. Chai Chet with a 17 1 October 2514 - 15 July 2515.

18 Mr. Asa cloud heaven on October 1st 2515 - October 1, 2518.

19 Mr Chon wrong Siri 1 October 2518 - 11 May 2520.

20 The net asset enrich Lt. 22 May 2520 - 22 May 2523.

21 Mr. medicine Pulsirivong 1 October 2523 - 30 September 2530.

22 officers, Prime Watches Decharin October 1st 2530 - May 26, 2534.

Mr. Young won 23 tenders perfect seal 16 June 2534 - 18 October 2536.

24 Mr Nien finish line Sunday 18 October 2536 - 30 September 2539.

25 The armed forces Suwanrath October 1st 2539 - January 11, 2541.

26 Mr Prawit Si Sophon January 12 2541 - April 22, 2544.

Mr. Oksintrs Ket 27 gold, 23 April 2544 - 9 October 2545.

Mr. Neptune 28 ° a job closer 28 October 2545 - 4 June 2546.

29 Mr. Suwat Tanti Phat 5 June 2546 - November 12 2549.

30 Vichai Srikwan 13 November 2549 - 30 September 2550.

31 Wiboon kinship reserved 1 October 2550 to 13 March 2552.

Dr. Amornphan 32 New Releases March 16, 2552 to September 30, 2553.

33 Mom Luang granddaughter Diskul 1 October 2553 to 30 September 2555.

34 lakh, Mr. Tanin Supa 8 October 2555 - Present.

[Edit] Elections.

See the main article. Member of Parliament from Chiang Mai Thailand.

Thailand is divided into 10 electoral districts have a total of 10 members of parliament who are elected members of the Senate are not the first person who currently holds the championship victory Saturday kinship Church o.

[Edit] Provincial symbols.

Dok Mai dhak flower.

The elephant is the symbol of the province in fl. The second important feature of the province. The elephant is the elephant said to the ruler of Chiang Mai Kao presented Lertlah Rama II (Rama in the second period) and is enrolled in a doctoral galaxy reign. Fl is the most prosperous land in the Buddhist religion.

Provincial Flower: flowers Palas.

Provincial tree: dhak (Butea monosperma).

Abbreviations: Online

[Edit] Economy.

Gross Provincial Product (GPP) to be worth 127,660 million baht in 2552 to 18,539 million in agricultural sector (14.5 percent) and non-agricultural 109,121 million (85.5 percent), which are non-agricultural sector. The property offers 20,603 million (16.1 percent), followed by the 15,916 million (12.5 percent), the rate of economic growth averaged 2.3 percent.

Average income per capita is 79,971 Baht / person / year in 3 of the North after Lampoon. And Kamphaeng Phet province. Income for the population in rural areas, the average is at 59,092.45 baht / person / year, the district with the average low is Omkoi 29,198.01 baht / person / year, and the district with the highest income is Fang 110,592.77 baht / person / year. [7].

[Edit] Agriculture.

Thailand is an agricultural area 1,835,425 acres (percentage of 12.82 of the province), most of Horticulture 515,385 acres planted, followed by 515,385 rai of farmland is irrigated 642,979 acres (35 percent of the agricultural area), there were agricultural 1,192,446. household

The 2553-2554 crop yield for Top 3: 1) grain yield 387,744 tons, 2) longan yield 195,195 tons and 3) Garlic Yield 97,395 [7].

[Edit] industry.

Thailand has invested 32,180 million plants in 1395 to 43,306 workers, key industries, including agriculture, transport, industry, non-food and beverage. The industry has been the promotion of Investment (BOI) in 2554 with 34 projects that are investing in Thailand including U.S., China, the Netherlands, Germany, Denmark, Australia, Singapore, Malaysia, United Arab Emirates [7].

[Edit] Tourism.

To explore the World Best Award-Top 10 Cities of the readers of U.S. travel magazine Travel and Leisure in 2553 found that the city of Chiang Mai to visit 2 of the world, but only in Bangkok and only owner. . in 2552, Chiang Mai is a city destination in the world, taking 5th place at the scenic beauty and serenity. Arts, culture and heritage food shopping. The friendliness of the people the value of money, etc. [9].

In 2553 the county has a number of 5,040,917 people living in the four provinces of the country, second only to Bangkok. Phuket. Chonburi and [7] as foreign tourists, 1,695,288 people (33.63 percent) to 39,507.03 million baht revenue [7].

[Edit] Labor.

Chiang Mai in 2553, there were 985,349 workers (or 58.5 percent of the population) is average unemployment rate of 1.2% employment rate 180 Baht / day and has 67,663 people, mainly migrant Burmese workers to 67,453 people. Construction employment in foreign affairs, agriculture and livestock, the 24,625 workers, followed by 22,655 people [7].

[Edit] Population.

Population Statistics by registration [10].

Chiang Mai Province.

Year (AD) population.

1,661,020 in 2549.

1,664,399 in 2550.

1,670,317 in 2551.

1,632,548 in 2552.

1,640,479 in 2553.

1,646,144 in 2554.

Thailand has a population of 1,708,564 people, 870,470 were males and 838,394 were male [11] The population density was 84 people / sq km (as of January 10, 2555) is the population of minorities in the province have distributed 64,505 people. various districts in 16 districts with the highest minority populations, including Fang, followed Chiang Dao District, and Mae Ai District, Chiang of [7].

[Edit] Religion.

Population in Thailand. Christians, Buddhists, 91.80 percent 5.60 percent 1.17 percent Brahmin religion - Hindus and Sikhs, 0.02 percent and 1.14 percent [7].

For a look at the list. List of temples in Chiang Mai.

[Edit] Traditions and Culture.

Release buzz. Yi Peng Festival.

The city has a long history. The County has developed cultural traditions inherited from their ancestors continue. Most have ties to Buddhism and traditional beliefs. Major traditions.

New year (Songkran) held 13-15 April every year. Traditionally the importance and greatness of the Kingdom. There are 13 days Songkran. Tell a Himalayan Buddhism's parade. And pour water over the pagodas at 14, he is on April 15, the traditional sand and sprinkling. Splash and play during the festival.

The tradition of Yi Peng. Held during the annual Loy. As of November There are houses and locations. With different types of lamps. Emissions are unfounded. The Loy. And Mrs. Noppamas Krathong.

Traditional sighted in North Florida. Held during the months of May and June. At Wat Chedi Luang. Pillar is worshiped by the flowers, candles and put flowers funny.

Bo Sang Umbrella Festival. Held in January of each year. Bo Sang Umbrella Handicraft Center. San Kamphaeng district. Display and sale of native products. The cultural parade tradition.

Flower Festival. Held in the first week of February of every year. A beach area of ​​the park. The national train blooms. And the beauty blooms.

Wood carving his home. Held in January. The village has a dedicated sales Hangdong and demonstrations of woodcarving. And crafts.

Pho traditional parade poles. Held in April on the 15th of every year, the town at CHOM. A convoy of more than 40 community shops across the city parade to Wat Phra Chom Chom Thong Wat Chom Si. A tradition carried on for more than 200 years, according to legend, took place in the district of Chom Thong district. Is the first and only country in the world. Pho traditional parade poles. Became the model for the procession of Lanna Lee Simons crutches. It is popular throughout the region. A reputation and a tradition. And has been very popular.

[Edit] Transport.

Two rows known as the red car.

Chiang Mai Province. It is the main city of the region. A commercial center. Industrial and transportation. The main transport via road, rail and air with the highway. Provincial Highway. And the standard line. Make trips within the province. Travel to neighboring provinces and Bangkok is convenient.

[Edit] car.

Trip from Bangkok. Used to Chiang Mai. National Highway No. 1 (Phahonyothin Road), then turn right on National Highway No. 32 (Asian Highway) through Nakhon Sawan and Ayutthaya, Angthong and the national highway No.11 (Road Super Highway) turn left passing through Lampang, Lamphun. The Chiang Mai.

[Edit] Getting in the province.

Transport by road between the rural villages of Chiang Mai province, district and has easy access to various transport links as well. The drive between the provinces and districts. Distance is 179 km distance Omkoi takes 4 hours to travel the distance to the closest Sansai 11 km journey takes 23 minutes distance from the city. (Muang) to various districts of Chiang Mai province. Ranged from near to far [12] as follows.

Mae Rim district, 15 kilometers.

Saraphi 9 kilometers.

Sansai 11 km.

San Kamphaeng district, 13 km.

Hang Dong district, 15 kilometers.

Doi Saket district, 18 kilometers.

San Pa Tong district, 22 km.

Mae On district, 29 kilometers.

Doi Lor 34 kilometers.

Mae Wang District, 35 km.

Mae Taeng district, 40 km.

Samoeng district 54 kilometers.

Chom Thong district, 58 kilometers.

Chiang Dao district, 68 kilometers.

Hod 88 km.

Phrao district 103 kilometers.

Doi Tao district 121 kilometers.

Chai Prakan district 131 kilometers.

Wiang Haeng district, 150 km.

Fang 154 kilometers.

Chaem 156 kilometers.

Amphoe Galyani Vadhana 157 kilometers.

Mae Ai district, 174 km.

Koi district, 179 km.

District Nanthaburi. Commemoration 280 km.

For travel in the city. Uses personal car or motorbike traffic, including bicycles. For the masses to have a red tricycle and bus in about 2550 from a taxicab in New York City. The car is yellow - blue. A taxi cooperatives. The red - yellow taxi privacy. A bus station in the city is connected to various districts in Chiang Mai Bus Terminal 1 (Bus Station Galaxy) and inter-provincial bus station is. In Chiang Mai Bus Terminal 2 and Terminal 3 in Chiang Mai (Arcade bus station).

Chiang Mai Railway Station.

[Edit] Railway.

Transport by rail. The current line-Bangkok - Chiang Mai Through Uttaradit, Phitsanulok, Nakhon Sawan and Ayutthaya, Lop Buri, Lampang and Lamphun quickly open the express lane, express bus and passenger car air conditioning. Bangkok - Chiang Mai as 14 trains a day (from 7 to 7) and D - 2 day London Parade (from - to) is the main railway station and the bus terminal in Chiang Mai. Chiang Mai Railway Station. The convoy - the world is as follows.

Express bus.

B.1 / 2 Bangkok - Chiang Mai - Bangkok.

.9/10 The Bangkok - Chiang Mai - Bangkok.

The .11/12 Bangkok - Chiang Mai - Bangkok.

The .13/14 Bangkok - Chiang Mai - Bangkok.

Express

The .51/52 Bangkok - Chiang Mai - Bangkok.

Speed.

The .109/102 Bangkok - Chiang Mai - Bangkok.

Local bus.

The .407/408 D - Thailand - Nakhon Sawan.

[Edit] Air.

Chiang Mai International Airport.

Air transportation. The Chiang Mai International Airport. With a large beginning. Second airport, Don Muang. And airport. There are direct flights to - back up multiple flights. The domestic airlines. And international airlines. By international airlines. Airline from London to various countries around the world, especially in Asian countries with direct flights from Chiang Mai to many countries such as China, Korea, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Singapore, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Japan and so on.

[Edit] The express bus.

Express bus for Chiang Mai (Chiangmai Transit System, or CTS) will be available in the future. But also the budget and the approval of the Provincial Transport Office (OTP).

[Edit] Utilities.

Electric power in the province is the responsibility of the EPA Region over the purchase of electricity from the Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand, at the source of the Mae Moh, Lampang station control power 5 channels of power 32 of the year 2553 the number of people. 567,201 total electrical power used in the amount of 2,264.45 million units to provide electricity for villages covering 25 districts. Distribution system can not be expanded due to several reasons, including a village located in the National Forest. Sources upstream watershed forest conservation. The park, which has an installed power generation by solar energy.

Tap water in Chiang Mai with 6, including water supply and hot water supply coping Rim Fang supply. Tang water. With a total capacity of 54.83 million cubic meters. Volume of 25.33 million cubic meters of water. There are 112,685 water users in the district town. Most people use tap water. Accounted for 69.04 percent of the total water supply in the province.

Chiang phone number phone number is 305 434 186 294 telephone numbers are rented and 247 telephone exchange.

There are 37 post offices have 2,467,286 subscribers list [13].

[Edit] Sports.

Chiang managed competition internationally several times, including the 1998 Asian Games and SEA Games 1995 soccer Asian Youth 1998 and the sport in the country, including the national competition three times the weight World Youth Championship the first held in the year. 2552 [14] and more recently the Asian Youth Games.

Chiang Mai Football Club is a professional football club. In October 2549 the company has announced the opening of football supporters in the name "London Sports Development and Commerce" [15].

[Edit] Attractions.

[Edit] natural attractions.

Panda bears in Chiang Mai zoo.

Doi Chom Thong.

Doi Suthep Muang Chiang Mai

Doi Ang Khang Fang.

Doi Luang Chiang Dao. Chiang Dao.

Blues Doi Mae Ai district.

Queen Sirikit Botanic Garden, Mae Rim.

Ob Luang Hod.

Mae Taeng Taeng Elephant Camp.

San Kamphaeng hot springs. San Kamphaeng district.

Fang Fang hot spring.

Doi Tao Lake Doi Tao district.

Simon's book Doi Mae Nanthaburi. Commemoration.

Simon I, Mae Rim district.

[Edit] Attractions general.

Pond to San Kamphaeng.

His home district of London.

Wua Lai Muang.

Street (Tha Pae Gate Road Forum - Wat Phra Singh) Muang.

Street (County Road Wualai door - door Haiya) Muang.

Chiang Mai Night Bazaar. Muang.

Royal Park Ratchaphruek. Muang.

Wiang Kum Kam Saraphi.

Phu Ping Palace Royal Palace. Muang.

Chiang Mai Zoo. Muang.

Chiang Mai Night Safari. Muang.

Wiang Tha Gan Tong District.

[Edit] Places of Worship.

See the main article. List of temples in Chiang Mai.

Wat Phra That Doi Suthep.

[Edit] City of brothers.

 Shanghai, China (2543) [16].

 Qingdao, China (2549) [16].

 Kraton compound, in Indonesia (2550) [16].

 Chongqing, China (2551) [16].

Surat Thani

Surat Thani.



Provincial seal.
City of Hundred Islands rambutan delicious.
Yolk open source philosophy.
Information.
Thailand Suratthani font name.
Roman name Surat Thani.
Other Name Thailand Surat.
Prevent the Governor tiered tiered elves.
(Since 2555).
ISO 3166-2 TH-84.
Provinces orange color - yellow.
Khiem provincial tree.
Bawผud provincial flower.
Statistics.
Area of ​​12,891.469 square kilometers [1].
(# 6).
Population of 1,024,072 [2] (2555).
(# 21).
Density of 79.43 people / sq km
(# 62).
Government Center.
The Town Hall, London Road, Tambon Don Bird Makhamtia. Muang Samui. Suratthani 84000.
Phone: (+66) 0 7727 2926.
Fax: (+66) 0 7728 2175.
Web site Thursday.
Map


 Thailand part of the encyclopedia.
Thursday. Often referred to by its short name "Surat" is abbreviated as "k" is a province in the southern part. A large area is densely populated, and 6 of 64 of [3] is a province with a long history. There is evidence, both ancient history and archeology [4] and also has many tourist attractions and parks.
Thursday. Located on the east coast of the South. There are a variety of terrain and altitude. Mountain landscape. The coastal plains. The areas covered by the Gulf of Thailand. The vicinity of the sea and the islands. Island in the province of Surat with both large and small. Koh Samui, Koh Phangan, such as large and well-known islands. The location is influenced by the southwest monsoon. Which the sea occasionally due to the Tenasserim mountain range. Phuket mountain range. Mountains and New York [5] Bars Chumphon, Ranong, Phang Nga and Phuket. And province. To reduce the influence of the monsoon. On the other hand, the area Thursday will be influenced by the northeast monsoon is. Northeast monsoon usually originating the South China Sea and Gulf of Thailand. Surat to have a period during the rainy season from October through January.
Most of the population are Buddhists. The main occupation is agriculture. The pin on the farm for about 45 percent of the total area is also employed in the fishing industry, including livestock and mining as well.
The journey to Koh Samui are available through train route to the bus and private car.
Landmark within the province. The source remains as relics Chaiya. Phra That Si Surat. National Museum Chaiya. Ancient city ancient Kingdom of Srivijaya. Natural attractions including National Parks and National Park land. Island and Marine Park River Falls Dam and the monastery. What is the importance of continuing the tradition of the South. The traditional ceremony. Suitable and Cup boat race as well.
It also produces agricultural products such as eggs, oysters and rambutan Chaiya School. As the motto of the province.
Contents [hide].
1 history.
Two provincial symbols.
3 Geo.
3.1 Location and territory.
3.2 Geography and climate
4 units of government.
4.1 The provincial government.
5 List the name and behalf of the Governor of New York.
6 Government in the province.
7 economy.
7.1 Agriculture.
7.2 Industry.
8, traditions and culture.
8.1 suitable ceremony and traditional boat race.
8.2 Rambutan school day.
8.3 folk plays.
8.4 foods.
9 communication.
9.1 The main bus station.
10 landmark.
1.10 remains.
10.2 monastery.
10.3 attractions.
10.3.1 District Kanchanadit.
10.3.2 District Phunphin.
10.3.3 Koh Samui.
10.3.4 district of London.
10.3.5 District of Viphawadi.
10.3.6 Donsak.
10.3.7 Bang Na.
10.3.8 Ta Khun district.
11 events.
11.1 Surat Thani town hall was bombing.
11.2 other
12 references.
13 See also.
14 other sources.
History

Thursday. The site of the old city. The center of Srivijaya. Evidence of past colonization and the Silk Road. Bandon Bay area grew as a Buddhist Srivijaya Empire during the 13th century, with historical evidence is the evidence of its former glory. Later still believe that. Kingdom Act on the link or the world has become more prosperous. Town of Chaiya is one of the twelve zodiac of New York City as "the City Bansko Thailand anchor" [6].
In addition, it is also found in the neighboring city's prosperity in the Tapi Basin and Wiang Sa district. Khiri Pattanikhon city. Gold and port. It is believed that Lord Sri democracy grief. Rule the world the city of immigrants City of Wiang Sa district. The city is landlocked. As well as the outbreak of diseases [7] and on the prosperity of the world. Town of Chaiya raised. Gold and port. Twelve cities with their zodiac.
During the reign of King Rama VI had ordered it. The founder of the Royal Navy ships and submarines in service to the Ban Don Bay. Later in the reign of King Mongkut. To move the port to the Golden Bay Downs. (Which is located in the Surat district of the city) and the city as a Brigadier. Directly to the City. The King called. "City Kanchanadit" [6] by the well appointed ruler ruler Kanchanadit care regimen.
In the reign of King Rama V had ordered. To include the Kanchanadit. Khiri Pattanikhon city. And the column is called the "city of Chaiya" under County Dublin.
When the city expanded. The rule was modified and extended to the city. The reconstruction at Bandon Bay City's title and the name on the old Chaiya said. "District Phumriang" but also because the city is called the "Chaiya" As a result, King Rama VI. Is the name that the new Don. "New York" and the name of that city. "Chaiya" [8] and given the name Tapi River. The same time. It is named after the town and river in India that has the eye optical flow into the sea through the estuary The way I presented [6].
Provincial symbols.

Was enacted provincial relics Chaiya. The Art of Srivijaya located at Wat Phra Chaiya Ratchaworawihan. I've built about a century and a 13-14 containing relics of the Buddha [9].
Including the provincial tree Khiem (Cotylelobium. melanoxylon) is located in the district of Viphawadi.
Lotus flower sprung provinces (Rafflesia kerrii) located Phanom.
The motto of the province, including the hundreds of islands rambutan delicious egg open source philosophy.
The motto of the province in the past. Ratnkwi composed by God (a religious study), former primate Thursday: "Sato measure Du Yan durian sweet betel Canal Canal IV. Area of ​​forest land. Kian County coal mine. Phunphin a port on the River Tapi. He wants a glass timber. Dong Lagsad unnatural. Popper Phanom. Rambutan rich home two Of the canal in the palm Na Tha Chang Pier gold ore thae old temple. Don Rice Coconut Bay Beach fishing Chaiya ".
Music City.
Surat Thani is a prosperous city, as well as the year round stream Tirrach president. The fruit is rich in fish. A long time coconut. These Sants happy rat. I strive hard to make the city's mascot is the Lord enrich Buddhist religious instruction. Local people more grateful. Mercy is always I love this land, Bravo.

Geography

And territory.


The terrain of the province of Surat Thani.
Koh Samui is located in the south east. The area's sixth largest country and one of South [10] The adjacent counties are as follows.
Ranong province to its north and the Gulf of Thailand.
Adjacent to the southern province of Nakhon Si Thammarat and Krabi.
The east, and the Gulf of Thailand to the province.
Adjacent to the western province of Phang Nga.
Sea by the Gulf of Thailand is about 156 kilometers long coast of the island was under the administration of the provinces, including Koh Samui, Koh Phangan and Koh Samui also has many large and small islands. It was called the Hundred Islands. Such as Koh Nang Yuan.
Geography and climate
Surat has a vast area. And a variety of terrain, including the highlands and the coastal plain landscape mountain landscape of the province, stretching to 40 percent of the total area [11], with mountain ranges in the North Island - south of the province. Tapi basin and watershed Chaiya stance is gold and so on.
The east is the Gulf of Thailand. The island has a large population. The western side of a high mountain. The main river is the river annually.
Due to its location and terrain. Thursday is influenced by the southwest monsoon winds from the Indian Ocean. The northeast monsoon blows through the Gulf of Thailand, Koh Samui, the rainy season is very long. A period from May to January. By Surat Thani province has the lowest average temperature of 21.16 ° C and an average maximum temperature of 34.51 degrees Celsius [12] and average rainfall of 129.59 mm [13].
The rule.

The provincial government.
Surat Thani province is subdivided into 19 districts and 131 villages of District 1028 District list below.
Muang Samui.
Kanchanadit district.
Don Sak district.
Koh Samui.
Chicago District.
Chaiya.
Chana district.
District Khiri Pattanikhon.
Ta Khun district.
Phanom.
Tha Chang district.
Bang Na.
Bang Na Doem.
Kian Tulsa District.
Wiang Sa district.
District IV.
Phunphin district.
Chai Buri district.
District of Viphawadi.


Map of the area.
The name and behalf of the Governor of New York.

 This section for more information. You can save the information in this section.
Government in the province.

Polytechnic College London.
Employment Office Thursday.
Surat Thani Provincial Court.
Prince of Songkla University. New York campus.
York Technical College.
Cultural Office Thursday.
Police Thursday.
Health Office Thursday.
Surat Thani Educational Service Area Office, Area 1.
College London.
Adolescent mothers York.
London Seed Centre.
Office of Community Development. Thursday.
Region 4 office supply world.
Office Depot Thursday.
Fisheries office Thursday.
Labour Protection and Welfare Office, London [14].
Agriculture office Thursday.
Fisheries Development Center, New York.
Manila Rubber Replanting Aid Fund.
Agriculture office Thursday.
Cooperative office Thursday.
Inland Fisheries Research and Development, London.
Research and monitoring of water quality and aquatic products Surat.
Offices of Cooperative Auditing [15].
Highway Bureau Amsterdam (New York).
Research rubber breeding world.
Economy

Agriculture


The fishery.
Surat has a population of 138,034 per person per year [16] Most of the agricultural occupations such as farming, gardening, farming, land use to grow by about 45% of the total area. The major crops include oil palm, rubber, coconut, rambutan, durian and coffee [17].
Moreover, livestock and fisheries. Preferred by livestock such as cattle, pigs, chickens raised by grazing goats with cattle, swine, chickens are the most productive cows and ducks, respectively. Most of the fishing is. All marine fisheries and aquaculture, coastal brackish water. And fisheries [18] [17].
Industry
The industry. Mainly due to the industrial agricultural output such as fish meal industry. Frozen seafood. Canned seafood. CPO. Related to the rubber industry. The county has a number of about 730 industrial plants, mostly located in the Surat district [17].
It also has a mining concession. The major mineral in gypsum and dolomite or limestone anhydride chrome ball clay and kaolin [17].
Thursday did not include the industrial area of ​​Surat city hall. It is located on Market Street between Soi 7 and Soi 9, next to the city's district office. Only slightly.
Tradition and culture.

Along the banks of the Tapi River and the rest of the province of Surat Thani.
Tradition and ceremony suitable boat race.
Tradition and ceremony suitable boat race of Surat Thani. Here's another name for it is the eleventh month. It is a Buddhist festival. The principal activities of the competition. This is both the hill. Tony and his boat. The hill the car and boat. May be decorated with wood carving or openwork decoration virtual scene of the Buddha's return from heaven to the stars. Ceremony will be drawn. Believe that those who have towed the boat to Phnom Arnis several demand.
The Red Bush is a replica of the Buddha, Buddha expressing episodic. With the introduction of tree branches. Decorated with light colors. Some devices are the props. The painting. Clay sculpture. Props are not popular creatures such as turtles, fish and animal species, one species has come to the scene. I believe that the suffering of animals. And will not Arnis demand. And decorated with Aฐbrikar the morning of the day of the round will be invited to a ceremony suitable. The Red Bush with all agencies in the province. Both public and private. Participants. The contest with the song festival was held annually from the dam until Wang South City Pillar Shrine. Depending on Thursday that each year will be selected anywhere.
Tradition and ceremony suitable boat race. Which is considered as a major part of the South.
Rambutan school day.
Fruit of the name of Koh Samui including rambutan school rambutan differences of the rambutan and is sweet and crisp, which is the pride of the people of Surat order to reflect the pride that Thursday have provided. The yield of rambutan, schools and other products sold and renamed. Rambutan school day. Will be held in early August each year.
Folk plays.
Provincial folk games such as [19].
Children's games include a G cup plunge my eye twitch rubber frog with gold high Ton Mak told TOI Oผla the hole I pull the pieces pandan and disasters.
Adult games and music, ceremony music that Amphoe Ko song in the silicate forest cutting Manhora and shadow.
Foods.
Stir fried Thailand, including Thailand, Chaiya and Tha Chang. The difference with fried central Thailand. Water to be virtues. There may be a little spicy tofu or shrimp with a side of vegetable curry is ready Agadib sour yellow curry paste fried sator input. Curry Pork with mushroom toast Riang the algae and fish Meng Yam Curry (only the District and the District Na Na Doem) nude (only the world) of chili paste, chili sauce topped Manga. Kong Ling Ping chili paste fish seafood. Due Thursday. Notoriously large oyster shell and fresh and the taste is good as well. I also have a yearly river shrimp [20].
Communication

Distance to the neighboring province of Suratthani is approximately.
Province 192 kilometers.
Ranong province, 219 km.
Province 139 kilometers.
Phang Nga province, 196 km.
The main bus station.
Muang Samui.
Surat station.
Koh Phangan Pier to Koh Tao lie.
From Docks ferry to Koh Tao.
Phunphin district.
Surat railway station.
Samui International Airport.
Koh Samui.
Samui International Airport.
Raja Ferry pier at Taling Ngam district.
Piers Seatran Nathon ferry.
Koh Samui Nathon pier.
Piers Na Phra Lan River.
Jetty Rd.
Don Sak district.
Versatile Don Sak pier (pitched great).
Raja Ferry pier.
Sea Tran Ferry Dock.
Project feasibility study. The initial survey design. Don Sak Airport.
Chicago District.
Thong Sala pier.
Jetty Island.
Landmark.

Dam.

Phra Chaiya.
Archaeological site
Cave Singkhon.
Phra Chaiya.
Wat Phra Kaew temple.
Wat Phra Chaiya Chaiya Ratchaworawihan.
Wat Tham Muang Samui worship.
The Tri Thammaram. Muang Samui.
The development of Ram Surat district.
Attractions.
Kanchanadit district.
Measurement units.
The Khaopranim.
Location trained monkeys.
Oyster farm.
The big tires.
Wang Sai temple.
Phunphin district.
Wing 7 base on the southern part of the main battle.
Cooperative world.
He measured Srivijaya.
80th Anniversary Commemoration Park hot springs (onsen port mirroring).
Koh Samui.
Koh Tan.
Koh Samui.
Angthong Marine National Park.
Chicago District.
Thong Nai Pan.
Haad Rin.
Full Moon Party.
District of Viphawadi.
Cascade Viphawadi.
Don Sak district.
Wat Khao Suwan invention.
Home in Niagara Falls.
Bang Na.
Turmeric cave.
Roof falls.
Mines great waterfall.
Ta Khun district.
Dam.

Surat Thani town hall was bombing.
On March 19, 2525 around noon to one o'clock Thursday events affecting the key is to bomb New York City Hall. Because of the political opposition. New York City Hall is located on the banks of the river, now the site of City Pillar Shrine annually [21].
Other
Long as the "Goddess of Wings" and the middle name is "Ma Tharnthip" Long Boat Race Championship Champion King's Cup in the same year.
Typhoon Gay hit province.
The provincial City Pillar Shrine.
Surat plane crash at the airport.
Demolition concession ferry Koh Samui, Surat Thani.
The resolution of Surat. No threat Square chanted at Wat Phra That Chaiya.

U-bon Ratchathani

U-bon Ratchathani

Ubon Ratchathani province.
From Wikipedia. States.
For the world. In other uses, see London (disambiguation).
Ubon Ratchathani province.

Provincial seal.
Mother to two beautiful lotus Ubon city has many beaches, lagoons, stone sour fish. Thailand resident scholars. Rat gods pursuing justice. Ultrasonic beauty candles. Prehistoric cliff point. Local intelligence. Sri monument lands a good game.
Information.
Font name Ubon Ratchathani Thailand.
Roman name Ubon Ratchathani.
Other Name Thailand Ubon Ratchathani, Sri Wnalai settlement.
Governor Mr. VARACHAI net.
(Since 2555).
ISO 3166-2 TH-34.
Provincial Rubber tree farm.
Provincial lotus flower.
Statistics.
Area of ​​16,112.650 square kilometers [1].
(# 5).
Population of 1,816,057 [2] (2554).
(# 3).
The population density was 112.71.
(# 44).
Government Center.
The (temporary office).
Educational institutions outside the formal education system and the Northeast to close roads in Muang District, Ubon Ratchathani. Ubon Ratchathani 34000.
Phone: (+66) 0 4525 4539, 0 4531 9700.
Hte site.
Map


 Thailand part of the encyclopedia.
Ubon Ratchathani province. The eastern provinces of the Northeast and Thailand. It is a sub site of the main time of the longitude 105 degrees East is the first province to have seen the sun before other areas throughout the province of Ubon Ratchathani is a large town on the banks of the Mun River has a long history of more than 200. in a large area. Later be divided into new provinces Yasothon Photo Gallery in 2515 and 2536, which is included in two separate provinces. Ubon Ratchathani is one area of ​​the country is.

[Edit] Provincial symbols.

Provincial tree: Yang Na (Dipterocarpus alatus).
The motto of the province: the second game in her pretty blue lotus has several sandy beaches, lagoons, rock fish is delicious. Thailand resident scholars. Rat gods pursuing justice. Ultrasonic beauty candles. Prehistoric cliff point. Local intelligence. Sri monument lands a good game.
Provincial flower: lilies.
[Edit] territory.

North with Laos and Photo Gallery.
East with Laos. Some of the border by the river was designated.
South with the Kingdom of Cambodia.
Western province of Si Sa Ket and Yasothon.
The border with Laos and Cambodia. Total length of about 428 kilometers.
Lao People's Democratic Republic of tea with the 361 km (from district to district Khemarat standing water. Contact for Road District Road Salavan Savannakhet and Champasak Road).
Contact with the Kingdom of Cambodia 67 miles (District, Provincial temple with standing water. Kingdom of Cambodia).
[Edit] founded the city of London.

The Princess Royal Pathum Suriwong (not the powder) was the founder of the city of London. Son of God, and her eyes well I was born in Thailand Since 2252, the walled city of Mon She is married to the daughter of the Viceroy enlarged scale (fairly Tewodros) royal brother of God (Chai Mee), the city of Pakse. Appointed. The Pathum School Year 2323 was a prime location on the main convoy Lake (CAD) is the city's older homes house Champasak Year 2329 and privates family moved from the house I had built. new country by King Huai Mae Ra Jae King allowed the city skyline and the "game" of the rebel defeat Chiang thick glass in the year 2334, King Rama I. Commerce, therefore, appoint the Pathum Mr. Royal Majesties (The term powder) as the Princess Royal Pathum Suriyawong. And as the game is. "Mai Lai Si Ubon Ratchathani settlement" on Monday 8th lunar month Hulsakrach 1151 RAM 13 corresponds to the year 2335 Luang Pathum Princess Royal Suriyawong built a temple town on the banks of the river were grounded. This is the first ruler of the world This year 2338 the Princess Royal Pathum Suriyawong Tึgแkepiralai on the day of the 14th lunar month, 12 years of age and have 86 years Hare 1157 Hulsakrach position in the world in three years.
[Edit] History.

Monument Valley was the Pathum Suriwong (not the powder), founder of the city of London.
2228 was the year of political crisis in the city of Jinghong. Because China was stripped walnut white flag raised. The city is Jinghong city. The Integrated Child. The Princess and the Mrs. Chan Pang troops were evacuated to the glory of God's nascent solar royal saint relations. Municipalities of the city. So feel free to bring troops to the mountain town of Bua Valley. (Now known as Nong province) and the city's name. "Ncrekืeonkants. Plain glass lotus blossom ".
The saint was Lord Solar relatives. The camp is a magical marriage to his nephew that his son is the water in which the eyes are very important to the City of London in the year 2314 due to the war power struggle between Phu Wiang watershed municipalities with the city register. By thy grace merits substances. Vieng Chan monarch. For the eyes of the children of the concubines and harem walk to the eyes, but you can not make the walk. The egg bun substances. Therefore, the army attacked the town of Bua Valley Phu Ward eyes the army to fight. And municipalities have rowed back to the city several times.
The battle between Vientiane and Nong district, Phu valley. The fight lasted up to three years without winning it. God's grace I have sent envoys to ask the Burmese army compound in Chiang Mai. To help beat depression Phu Nong Bua. Vientiane, provided it is made up of Myanmar. Burma in Chiang Mai. So, look between terms. Force Control thy grace merits to help combat substance. The eye on the news of the battle. Inventories are supposed to be fighting against forces bigger than them. You are willing to give you the lint will intensify the hosts took the lion elderly women and monks migrated toward southeast. The city to find a new home for it. If war is to be followed by evacuation.
The city is home to the first Coca-Cola at Sing Sing Tha (currently Yasothon) and in the final battle. The eyes of the death in battle. Water is not the eldest son. Along with her siblings, is very un Sa Maroon Mrs. Ms. Sita is a powder that you demonstrate to her prom and the eye. Escape out of town to get supplies from Sing Sing I've been passed down to the city, "said Don Mot" and asked God Luang Chai Mee. City of Pakse. Department material that glory I hear the new city. So Isaac Bernhard predicting gold and army attacked the serpent said I did not fight the water. And died in battle. The powder was younger, so you head. And leaves it up to the world. And Thonburi. At Glory to God who gave King Taksin of Thonburi (Golden Beetle) and Mr. Chao Si (I) and the army to help the powder. I know the law of the State Phaya Taksin. Vieng Chan is ordered to retreat. But Mr. Chao Phraya Chakri and Si. Chiang's troops marching to Mon I can successfully capture the city. It has brought the Emerald Buddha. And control of the matter to you Siri Sathorn merit. The powder after the war he returned to the city at the same Don Mot. Until the year AD 2319 flood. That the powder was evacuated troops to the Don Valley Jae Ra Ma (currently the home Bo), wait until low tide and then determine where to locate new city district abandoned house called the Dong Hu bees along the river data as a set of hte current. Year AD 2320 with the building of the temple was the first temple.
The year 2322 AD King Taksin. XVI ordered the royal Supawadee. Tgagtra is invited to the world. The powder is available to the city in the title conferred by the king "The Pratoom Ratchawongsa" I beg the Lord Brahma Aupฮad. The house is brick. Mori is the son. It is the first four of the city's criminal world. Upon the earth until the year 2334 AD, King Rama skyline. The glass was in the Chieng revolt me. Almaty city in the Champasak Province. The officials who have been raised on the Pathum Ratchawongsa to fight. Chiang glass can hold me. And the execution of the Kaeng Tana.
In later years, King skyline. God has graciously. The game established an urban settlement. Selected for the study was Pratoom Ratchawongsa is the Pathum Suriwong (a powder) that dominate the city. "City of London Sri Vana Light Dominion" bestowed the gold card. And the rank of the urban settlement. Avowed ceremonial pool and prosperity to Satya. On Monday, 8 RAM, 13 queries Hulsakrach 1154 Year of the Rat Hatwask match on July 16, 2335 by the first ruler of the world to the year 2338 Brahma Tours United Solar Wong (Ti Brahma), brother of the Pathum so appointed. Ruler of the world to come. Ruler of the world total. The monarchs of the period. God has graciously chosen a total of 4 people.
After the game was already an important town located in the department of hte many cities like in the year 2357 to set up Khok Niang. Khemarat Thani town.
Year 2366 was held in the Mekong Jiang Na (Chiam), based on the Babylon Champasak.
2388 Year in his third reign as graciously. For a city lady Exis Senangkhanikhom. The city is home to the water domes Det. It was a royal pardon for the card, I was under the Secretary of the Interior. Since the Prince Imperial was the Sri Sura. A ruler. District grounds Det.
Year built 2390 Cobra crate home or farm. The city is Dubois. Later changed into a lotus lotus city. Or lotus in the district.
Year 2401 is home to the city's massive neck slumping Trojans in the arch. Amon is the power. A ruler. Thao Beach is located in Butte Aupฮad. The Lion King is the royal dame. A view-creation Dame son. Jobs with the City Government City Khemarat.
Year 2406 in the reign of the four has graciously. The district is home to a wide mouth vessels Chaod Mangsahan and the value is superb family home. Is Trakanpuetpon. The solar Dame Wong. Amon was the inspiration. A ruler.
Year 2422 in the reign of the fifth house, I even ordered a set turbidity is Chanuman County. And is home to La ¼. (At the brewery) is a forest settlement.
Whereas in 2423 the year before the field screen. Is Chamrap.
Whereas the 2424 Year Ban Chan Lana dome. Dome is fabricated. (Now a village in the district of standing water).
Year home was built in 2425 ordered the city Kasem color. Please login or register, which is enough.
London is the city with the most extensive area. To the east of the eastern part covers the plains and rivers of the East to the third line with the Chi River Mun River and the Mekong River and the small river that has its source in the mountains in the area, such as ships now transport aircraft. Search by Lam Dome etc.
These rivers flow through the plains of the north and south side of fries. Linear to the mouth of the Mekong and Nam Mun. The abundance to all areas of this region. An appropriate environment for the survival of humans and animals, but the former [3].
In the year 2476, the county abandoned the country. Ubon, Nakhon Ratchasima, which is separated from the county at that time. Has become the largest province in Thailand. After hte also be divided. Newbie district by district and close as Yasothon in 2515 and the following year was divided again in 2536. Jobs by district and neighboring districts as a Photo Gallery. Currently, there is a fifth of Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand, and the population of the three countries.
[Edit] Climate and meteorology.

Ubon Ratchathani province. In areas with high rainfall. Compared with average rainfall of other provinces.
The rainy season runs from May until the end of October. As that is the rainy period in June and July. But the time left is not the same each year. And at the end of the rainy season. Depression is usually the wettest year may have some conditions. But a severe flood situations.
Winter is a province located in the east of the country. The northeast monsoon is influenced by other regions. Temperature starts dropping in October and ends in late January.
Although summer is unprecedented often prolonged cold weather continued until the end of February. In most cases, the air begins to cool, in the month of February until the beginning of May, which may have rain. I began to fall in late April. However, rainfall is usually not sufficient for cultivation. The climate characteristics are similar to other provinces in the Northeast is hot. Relatively cold in winter. In the rainy season the rain. During the month of January to November 2541, rainfall of about 106 mm of rainfall measured 1,297.3 mm.
[Edit] Topography.

Ubon Ratchathani is located in an area known as Khorat Basin (Khorat Basin) above mean sea level by about 68 meters (227 feet) high, is characterized by low The plateau slopes to the east of the Mekong River. The choir was hte line with Laos. The Chi River flows from the confluence with the Mun River, which flows through the province from west to east and flows into the Mekong River at Chiang Khong. Major rivers and several ships, including the aircraft landed Sebastian little dome dome body and many of the mountain complex in southern border is the Phanom Dong Rak mountain range and line. The boundary between Ubon Ratchathani and the Lao People's Democratic Republic and Cambodia.
Morphological characteristics of Ubon Ratchathani. Divided roughly as follows.
The vicinity of the Hudson River (river levee) of river sediment deposits carried. The area was the hilly banks of the Mekong River. 's Land area, and some were staggered by the banks.
The area is a river Tapak (terrace) caused by the movement of water long ago. The vicinity of the middle and lower river terraces Tapak the areas with high levels of both flat and undulating to undulating wave slope roofing applications. It is next to the flood plains. These areas are found in areas of the province. Namely on the north, east and south, some used for farming and for some crops.
Area of ​​the basin (depression) or the low-lying river (backswamp) caused by the action of water. Some of the species along the Mekong River by boat and were now soaked with water dome is held up in the rain.
Where is the fan sediments (coalescing fans) is the area of ​​this feature. Become a fan shape. Caused by the rocks in these areas is broken on the particle deposition profile than rain in large quantities. The power of water can be carried out so that the sediment out of the valley. When it comes to the valleys and foothills. The area is flat, the water will spread out. The force of the water drops. Was precipitated in water. Be found in the south and west of the province.
The area is caused by the flow of lava (lava flow hill) is a hill formed by the flow of lava. This soil has high agricultural potential. As a result of the decomposition of rocks eroded basalt. This area is found in standing water district.
The area slopes (foot hill slope) are the slopes of the sediment caused by the deposition of water long ago. This area can be found in Khong Chiam. Mangsahan district. Sri City. Trakanpuetpon districts.
The complex gradient (slope complex) as mountains or hills with slopes greater than 35 percent are found in the mountains of Khao Phanom Dong Rak district of standing water. Bang Na Chaluai. Districts and lotus. Another one is. A range of mountains, which are very common in Khong Chiam district, Sri City.

[Edit] Resources in brief

Ubon soil. The province has an area of ​​vast and populous. Soil resources, 86.6 percent of the area of ​​the province, or about 10,299,063 acres of forest and deciduous forest. Or deciduous forest is everywhere. The district has standing water and mixed evergreen forest in the district and the district Mangsahan lotus Khemarat district. Most of the hardwood lumber wood wood wooden red padauk wood Traแbk Khiem Chumแprk wood timber from the forest areas Kanekra year 2538 has approximately 2495 square kilometers or wild meat, 1.56 million acres, representing approximately 15.49 per cent. The total area of ​​the province of Ubon Ratchathani. For forest area of ​​Ubon Ratchathani. Classified as permanent forest area of ​​77,312.50 acres Cabinet Resolution 1 Forests National Forest 46 Forest area of ​​3,396,009.163 acres forest Spk. 1,665,543.30 acres 40 acre forest conservation forest area by Cabinet Resolution 10 1,439,998.402 acres. 5 acre forest conservation laws 880,220.00 20,985.73 acres of forest land, 15 acres wooded forest area (including e ACTRESS) area of ​​24,292,656 acres.
Minerals from the Department of Mineral Resources that hte with chemicals only is rock salt, which is drilling the next two in the district of Ubon Ratchathani and District Trakanpuetpon also has mineral resources in the form of stones much for important source of water is the River Mekong river data sheet beam transport aircraft sector by sector vessels dome Lam Dom Noi.

[Edit] Religious and cultural attractions.
Pus culture triple bogey.
Wat Phu fell.
Wat Ngam.
I Wat Ram temple Patna.
Wat Si Ubon Rattanaram.
The museum houses art bay.
Wild International.
The rock garden at her.
Wat Nong Pah Pong.
Wat Thung Si Muang.
Cave Cohaswrrcs.
Cave miracle.
The Great Wanaram.
Wat Nong Bua.
Benjar castle home.
Ubon Ratchathani National Museum.
The museum is open Anonymous user.
Dinosaur Museum, Sri City.
Center for Arts and Crafts deals.
At the pun.
Sri Wanaram light.
[Edit] natural attractions.
Kaeng Tana.
Pha points.
The Phu Jong Na.
Wat Pha Luang.
Savannah Rapids family.
Whitewater capacity.
Conservation breeding folk Sirindhorn.
Sirindhorn Dam.
Three thousand waving.
The two colors.
Pak Mun Dam.
Moonlight Falls (the water hole).
Chong Mek.
Emerald Triangle.
Cool Dua Beach.
Sri City, the new dinosaur.
[Edit] Candle Festival parade.

Candle Festival parade. Buddhist tradition. Of the world. The prosperity of the Buddhist religion, culture and tradition for a long time and it is traditional for Lent Candle Festival in Thailand. Is the greatest merit of Ubon Ratchathani in Thailand is known for both tourists and expatriates. The organizers have set up in 15 days in one lunar month lunar month and 8 RAM 8 or Bucha Day and Buddhist Lent Day. Held every year.
Ask the elders of the people that have the Ubon Ratchathani. Has won a contest candle formations from the year 2470 until the year 2520, All Rights Reserved. Candle Festival parade held weekly. The tradition of the great and voluminous. Venue is. Four Bay Area Ableton and pavilion. There are two types of competition candle stick type. And type of engraving. The parade of good metrics. Angel with the henna. Be moved from Wat Sri Ubon Rattanaram along the procession ended at Ableton. And the feast of the candles. Then a beam of light that candle glowing beauty to the work.
[Edit] History of festival candles.


Candle procession.
Before the reign of King Borom her royal lineage Sappasitthiprasong. The Regents game. The game is not like a light candles, candles now. Long Beach residents will head to shear dedicated to the worship of the temple. But the latter was the royal governor Sappasitthiprasong the game. On one occasion the parade of rockets that have been measured in the hit parade in the parade with rocket to death. Prince that bad. The parade is to be turned into fireballs and candles instead.
The Candle but not huge like the present. But residents share donated candles. Then the candles come prepared with bamboo. I find the paper trail to California. (Gold, silver, paper) is cut off serrated pattern boundaries. Then take the candle to the win tied with kerosene. The base of the candle, the bat is flat. Or higher, and is bordered to the finished paper is to present the parade. New vehicles are allowed to use a cart. Or a cow or a towed wheeled vehicle. The parade of people will have a gong drum and dance with joy.
From about 2480 BC to the candles have been developed. So the casting out of the socket type is a simple pattern like upturned lotus Taagai Prahmyam grille then attach the trunk fork, etc. Candle. It is famous in the Po Po's father sent Sri stripes made a simple pattern such as stripes Prahmyam grille Taagai Country lotus leaf side. Po's father is a mechanic do the candles. Ableton to measure the multiplier effect that the park has led to the application. And decorate the tree with candles and wood animal statue stencil. Make it look more beautiful. Contributions made by the candle of the park have won so often on a regular basis.
In the year 2494 people started to pay attention and be aware. Candle in the parade and much more. On the province to promote the work of Lent is the annual festival. But while the candles were also made only two types of candles tied together the paper and printing of the trunk.
In 2495, there has been a revival of art henna. And the procession of candles. Ubon Ratchathani province. The contest has two categories Candle stick a whole bunch of designs and types to print.
2497 when a young craftsman, Mr. Ari products off the glass pieces adorn the newly developed method. Using lime plaster molds lamb marking. Then I came out with candles and flowers. Bearing a different color with a light flower stems. Thus be seen as the depth of the pattern clear glass cube ornaments are made from a candle stick. Candle Procession and decoration of the great temple Wanaram beautifully. I have won.
Approximately half of the year 2500 and has been held throughout the era. Religion is a very flourishing. Candle procession of Ubon Ratchathani. Have been even greater support. Both the procession. And to provide for the beauty candles.
I said the light 2502 I think my older one and carved candle without a flower attached. I like the first version did. The Candle Carver said the dog house with the dilated stump. Chamrap district. The exotic beauty, so the following year they had a contest offering three types of henna as a striped tie. Of the print. And later stages of carving is cut from a whole bunch of candles, candle stick pattern so old. Out of the contest. Candle Carver Skilled later acquired Mr. Fine and Mr. Chan Chan was fine. The affinity.
Since 2520, All Rights Reserved. Candle Festival parade held weekly. The tradition of the greatest and most voluminous in Thailand. There are several types of candle contest. Fairy parade and contest with the rules and procedures to be strong. With the widely publicized and TAT. Has to fit into the travel calendar. The people both in Thailand and overseas tourists and visitors a lot. Present that is still maintaining its traditional candles have completely
Year 2555 was a year of Ubon Ratchathani. Lent Candle Festival held annually in the name of the 111th anniversary of "111 years of broadcast Hung Huong fair city. Ultrasonic beauty candles. Wisdom of the game ".
[Edit] Best of Ubon Ratchathani.

Ubon is famous for its handicrafts, including woven cotton pillow kit game loincloth, silk, brassware. Class threshing baskets wicker basket on white of a fish.
The province is also famous in the world of food including sausages, pork sausage today and I salted bugs (fruit salt), which is native to the name of hte. Made with meat or Pangasius catfish. Cut into long pieces. Preserved in brine, drained pineapple and soy into small pieces. Glass bottle. Can be cooked in a variety of foods such as stew. Commercially available in the city.
Ban Pa Ao brass products. Patch bay is home to one of the oldest villages in Ubon Ratchathani Province. The village is a living symbol of the village. Which is inherited from its predecessor the brass. The traditional production process. In addition. The village also has a demonstration center. And brass products. And beautiful silk open all day, seven days a week.
[Edit] Kabbaw fabric world.
Ubon is famous for its weaving. Activists of Ancient Literature and History. Associated with the hte appeared to be exquisitely beautiful. Demonstrate knowledge of weaving the elaborate creative spirit.

The Royal Sappasitthiprasong.
Queen.

Suphanburi.

Suphanburi.


From Wikipedia. States.
Geographical coordinates: 14 ° 30'49 .69 "N 100 ° 07'50" E.
Suphanburi.

Provincial seal.
Iuthheete city. Known literature. News fame. Prosperous agriculture. History is exceptionally high. Source philosopher artist. I hear the local dialect.
Information.
Thailand Suphan font name.
Roman name of Suphan Buri.
Thailand names other stuff.
The governor said the potential Pori SC.
(Since 2549).
ISO 3166-2 TH-72.
Provinces, Blue Color - orange.
Provincial alder trees.
Nika provincial flower.
Statistics.
Area of ​​5358.008 square kilometers [1].
(# 39).
Population of 845,053 [2] (2554).
(# 27).
The population density was 157.72 people / sq km
(# 23).
Government Center.
The central Suphanburi. Suphanburi Road - Chai Chai District Court District of Suphanburi. Suphanburi 72000.
Phone: (+66) 0 3540 8700, 0 3553 5376.
Suphanburi site.
Map


 Thailand part of the encyclopedia.
Suphanburi. A province in the central part of Thailand. 107 kilometers away from Bangkok's adjacent provinces are (from the north clockwise) Uthai Thani Chai Nat Sing Buri, Ang Thong and Ayutthaya, Nakhon Pathom and Kanchanaburi.
Contents [hide].
One geography.
1.1 climates.
2 History.
3 List of Suphan Buri governor.
4 units of government.
4.1 The provincial government.
4.2 Local Government.
Five provincial symbols.
6 sacred. Buddha is a pair of twin cities home.
7 communications.
7.1 The street in Suphanburi.
7.2 Key Bridge.
8 of studies.
8.1 School.
8.2 level.
Nine hospitals.
10 attractions.
10.1 Muang Suphanburi.
10.2 Events Calendar.
3.10 Sam Chuk.
10.4 Si Prachan district.
10.5 U District.
Brothers 6.10 district.
10.7 Edimbagnagbwch district.
10.8 Bang Pla Ma.
09.10 Dan Chang district.
10:10 Nong Ya Sai district.
11 figures.
11.1 monk.
11.2 the other party.
12 Sister City.
13 references.
14 See also.
15 other sources.
[Edit] Geography.

The terrain of low coastal plain river Suphan Buri. There is a small mountain range in the north and west. The Southeast basin of the river Suphanburi. (Tha Chin River) is the area planted to rice.
[Edit] Climate.
[Hide] Climate data of Suphan Buri.
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec all. year
Average Maximum Temperature ° C (° F) 31.7.
(89.1) 33.9.
(93) 35.7.
(96.3) 36.9.
(98.4) 35.4.
(95.7) 34.2.
(93.6) 33.6.
(92.5) 33.3.
(91.9) 32.3.
(90.1) 31.5.
(88.7) 6.30.
(87.1) 30.3.
(86.5) 33.28.
(91.91).
The average minimum temperature ° C (° F) 19.2.
(66.6) 21.7.
(71.1) 23.5.
(74.3) 25.1.
(77.2) 3.25.
(77.5) 25.0.
(77) 24.6.
(76.3) 24.6.
(76.3) 24.6.
(76.3) 24.4.
(75.9) 22.4.
(72.3) 19.4.
(66.9) 23.32.
(73.97).
Precipitation mm (inches) 6.7.
(0.264) 8.9.
(12:35) 18.0.
(0.709) 65.1.
(2.563) 143.4.
(5,646) 101.4.
(3,992) 113.9.
(4,484) 136.1.
(5,358) 275.5.
(10,846) 192.8.
(7,591) 39.8.
(1.567) 11.2.
(.441) 1112.8.
(43.811).
Days with precipitation, on average 1 1 2 5 12 13 15 16 19 13 4 1102.
Source: Department of Meteorology.


Climate charts show the annual cycle of Suphan Buri.
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
  6.7 3219.
  8.9 3422.
  18 3624.
  65.1 3725.
  143.4 3525.
  101.4 3425.
  113.9 3425.
  136.1 3325.
  275.5 3225.
  192.8 3224.
  39.8 3122.
  11.2 3019.
• the amount of precipitation, temperature is measured in degrees Celsius. Measured in millimeters.
Source: [1].
This information shall be English [hidden].
[Edit] History.



Buddha Wild Lelai.
Suphan Buri is an ancient town. Archaeological evidence found at least 3500-3800 years old artifacts excavated New Stone Age, the Bronze Age and the Iron Age and the culture inherited from the airport to turn towards any kind of Funan Srivijaya, Dvaravati and originally named Suphanburi. Dvaravati Suphan Buri autoimmune or genetic services are located on the banks of the Tha Chin River Regional District District of Bihar to take big red fence. The City of God, but the city is located on the right bank of the river. Please give a little to the Sanam Chai Mon. And restoration of the wild Lelai. The priest has persuaded 2,000 officials dubbed the new Beach two times to the reign of King U-Thong. The south bank of the city or west of the Tha Chin River. A city called Thong Pha select a destination: until the sill The city was named Suphanburi called ever since.
In Ayutthaya era. Suphan Buri is an outpost town and is agriculturally important. Must battle several times. Conditions as well as the historic city has been destroyed, leaving only ruins. Until the period. Suphanburi town turned up. And is located on the east bank of the Tha Chin River. (Suphan River) as long as a day.
The importance of the history of Suphan Buri in Thailand reestablish independence in Ayutthaya including the victory of King Naresuan the Great War Iuthheete His victory at the Battle of King Don Chedi Phra Maha charger. Great deeds are great theater NHA has been inscribed. And to celebrate the great event every year. To honor. In the literature. The origin of the legend. "Locale" Literature and Thailand where it appears as the story continues to be present in such a large measure of his home port of the fence premium cotton Lelai temple Wat Bang Khae and Bang Si Prachan U.
Suphanburi land of abundance on the central plains continue to prosper from the 1420 Census on behalf of the Muang Samui Genetics at the archaeological evidence of the Dvaravati has engraved its name in the annals of the North ". gold landscape "appears in the inscriptions of King Ramkhamhaeng identified as an important city-state before Ayutthaya. On the establishment of Ayutthaya. The city is located in the town of Suphan Buri Luk, which is agriculturally important too.
[Edit] List of Governors of Suphan Buri.

Sweet Lord of War (LL Chan Pong) 2394-2412.
Lord Ram, beautiful war Pichai (I invited the beautiful) 2412-2425.
Sweet Lord of War (Chan Sangchuto) 2426-2429.
Lord Ram, beautiful war, win over (thousands), 2431-2435.
Admiral Lord forgives itself the Emperor (ML Wong Ukrit Seni Na Ayudhya) 2435-2439.
The illuminated palace (MR's Narinthorn Gul Na Ayudhya) 2440-2440.
Sweet Lord of War (fill at Mahachai) 2440-2442.
Lord Indara Wichita (gold) 2442 to 2444.
Sweet Lord of War (small MR at the Royal Juan Sena Ayutthaya) 2444-2454.
Lord of war ll (e Karnasuta) 2454-5 Oct 2466.
Sweet Lord of War (Fluffy Suwannason) 5 Oct 2466-13 May. 2,470.
Lord broad agricultural chemicals (with print recipe) 13 May 2470-22 Feb. 2,476.
Lord Ram Rachpakdi (ML Swasdis Isarangkul Gurnee Na Ayudhya) 22 Feb 2476-1 Jun 2479.
The learning process P.t. Jane (gold with Sophon) 1 June 2479 to 31 May 2481.
Sri royal royal treatment (skin Kolchak Alexandria Library) 1 June 2481 to 31 March 2485.
Mr. Wong Extension from 1 June 2485 -15 Oct 2486.
Capt. qualification under the rat. (Above the Arrow. Education and rat) 15 Oct 2486 to 18 Oct 2487.
The number to the right sweet 18 Oct 2487 to 15 May 2488.
Mr. bettering the 15 May 2488-5 Mar 2489 Chnms ear.
The special coating City Works 5 Mar 2489-7 Oct 2489.
They mold microscopy titled Governance (Governance and Business Law) 7 Oct 2489-3 Apr 2494.
The closest lapses aged 3 Apr 2494 to 28 Jan 2496.
Pol.Col shining road until Monday 28 Jan 2496 to 14 Jan 2497.
Pho 14 Jan 2497-7 Aug govern the species. 2,500.
Mr. Pat Species Meet Boonyakiat 7 Aug 2500 to 13 Jan 2509.
Mr Kong Sin Sakhon 13 Jan 2509 to 13 Feb 2510.
I love having attained 13 Feb 2510 to 30 Sep 2518.
1 Oct 2518 to 30 Jan Sutthisan I teach. 2,521.
Little Mr. S. 1 Oct 2521 to 30 Jan flawless. 2,523.
Mr. Jarin Kan 1 Oct 2523 to 11 Dec 2527 Ticino mule.
Mr. Aree Wong civilized Sep 2527-30 Oct 1, 2531.
Mr Thani looks good until Oct 1. 2531-30 Sep 2533.
RA is thought that the first human subject. 2533-30 Sep 2534.
Capt. Srirat Harirak 1 Oct 2534 to 21 Oct 2535.
He too breeding Sri Compatibility 22 Jul 2535-30 Sep 2536.
Mr. Diamond Top 1 Oct 2536 to 30 Oct 2538.
Accordingly the first October 2538 to 27 Jan 2541 radiation.
Mr. Pat the Garland 16 Apr 2541-30 Sep 2546.
Mr. Steiner was the General Studies 1 Oct 2546-30 Sep 2549.
Mr. Pori potential SC 13 Nov 2549 to 28 Oct 2555.
Mr. Pat govern in Sri Nov 12, 2555 - present.
[Edit] Government agencies.

[Edit] The provincial government.
110 counties are divided into 10 districts: District 977 villages.
Muang Suphanburi.
Edimbagnagbwch district.
Dan Chang district.
Bang Pla Ma.
Si Prachan district.
Don Chedi district.
Two districts.
Sam Chuk.
U District.
Nong Ya Sai district.

[Edit] Local Government.
Suphanburi municipality.
Municipal brothers.
Suan Taeng district.
It came District.
Pho Phraya district.
Stable municipal fields.
Khao Phra district.
Municipality her ordination.
Municipal water repository.
He municipal land.
Dan Chang district.
District Khok Kram.
Bang Pla Ma district.
Ban Laem district.
Phai district mound.
Si Prachan district.
Wang Yang District.
Plaina district.
Don Chedi district.
Municipal Pool Pavilion.
Chuk district.
U District.
Thao Thong district.
Municipal Swimming grandmother ginseng.
Kun Peng Municipal blows.
Don district.
Nong Ya Sai.
Organization and the 100.
[Edit] Provincial symbols.



Hall of Suphan Buri.
The provincial seal is an image Iuthheete Iuthheete between King Naresuan the Great on the viceroy. In the Bay Area and Iuthheete Local Events Calendar.
Provincial Flower: Nika.
Provincial tree: Ebony (Diospyros mollis).
The motto of the province: the Iuthheete. Known literature. News fame. Prosperous agriculture. History is exceptionally high. Source philosopher artist. I hear the local dialect.
[Edit] sacred. Buddha is a pair of twin cities home.

I Wat Pho Wat Muang Lelai.
Pastor Black Forest Lelai Wat Muang.
Pastor novice monks Muang Kaew temple.
I Wat Phra Sri Rattana Mahathat Asya Phat district.
Nacprk the floating Temple of the Sun City.
I Wat Phra Muang.
Chakphet his father is the district town.
I Wat Si Prachan black pastor perseverance.
Luang Pho Wat Ban Krang A. Si Prachan glass.
Divine Buddhist deity. Wat Pho Si growth. A. Si Prachan.
Buddha destroyed Violet A. Kelley Si Prachan overthrew the government.
Measured by dividing the Nacprk Si Prachan Tue.
Pastor Sam Chuk district, some active measures are Agder.
Measure gradient black father Leo A. Chuk.
I Wat Nong Luang District vegetable otter lives.
I Wat Lam Phraya father's lives.
Buddha at Wat Phai Rong Wua, A. Coad Brothers.
Thomas A. Edison invent the Wat Phai Rong Wua Tue brothers.
Sri Sanphet AmpawanTemple Tue brothers.
Buddha vision I lost them two.
The sisters Asya Phat AmpawanTemple Tue.
Pastor Chan Bang Pla Ma district, refer to the saddle.
Gen. Kamala Wat Sri Vicar diametrically Edimbagnagbwch.
Pastor Don Chedi Chai Mongkol Wat Kum district.
Sri Vicar Sanphet. Wat Khao Phra Sri Ram Jaya Uthong Petcharat selection.
Etc..
[Edit] Transport.

[Edit] Major roads in Suphanburi.
For street number, street name that is 1-10 characters in literature about the locale of Thailand. Suphanburi, including folklore.
Thousands of students from the road.
Road Khun Krai.
Gray street and the thousand brave. (Route 3431).
Novice Hooker Road.
Magpie Road (Highway 3017).
Mrs. Pym Street.
Khun Chang Road (Highway 3318).
The Generals Highway.
Supply the assembly.
Road Khun Krai.
The following section. The new street name.
Bangbuathong - Nat. (Highway 340).
Malaiman Road (Highway 321).
Road democracy.
[Edit] Key Bridge.
One gray horse bridge.
Gray horse bridge 2.
Gray horse bridge 3.
Bridge the parish priest.
[Edit] Education.

[Edit] School.
See List of schools in Suphanburi province.
[Edit] Higher Education.
Suan Dusit Rajabhat University. Suphanburi Campus.
University. Defense Center, Suphanburi.
Rajabhat University. Swimming at Grandma ginseng Suphanburi.
University god women. Center Baden original Nang Buri.
Kanchanaburi Rajabhat University. Suphanburi Center.
University. Suphanburi Campus.
Rajamangala University of Technology Suvarnabhumi. Suphanburi Campus.
Institute of Physical Education. Suphanburi Campus.
Adolescent mothers Suphanburi.
Sirindhorn College of Public Health, Suphanburi.
Suphanburi College of Dramatic Arts. Art Institute of Development.
[Edit] Hospital.

Hospital Yama Kings.
His Holiness the 17th episode of the hospital.
U Hospital.
Defense hospitals.
Edimbagnagbwch hospital.
Chuk hospital.
Si Prachan hospital.
Don Chedi hospital.
Bangplama Hospital.
Nong Ya Sai Hospital.
Suphamit hospital.
Pornchai hospital.
Divine Providence Hospital.
Hospital School - U.
Hospital Maha whole family. (Health Don Khun Ram).
[Edit] Attractions.

[Edit] Muang Suphanburi.
Wild Lelai the third.
Wat Phra Sri Rattana Mahathat Suphanburi.
The Cat.
The Sarapee.
Temple of the float.
Reclining Buddha Temple.
Wat Phrao.
Wat Sanam Chai.
Suphan Buri National Museum.
National Farmers Thailand.
His Holiness the 17th episode of the museum.
Pat Noble Garden celebration.
Suphanburi main shrine.
Heaven Dragon Park.
Suphanburi ancient moat.
The four sacred pool.
Temple Tours Mon
Hall of Fame Banharn Silpa-archa.
[Edit] Events Calendar.
King Don Chedi Memorial.
The palace of King Naresuan the Great.
Historic Nong Sarai.
[Edit] Sam Chuk.
Register.
The fellowship fields.
Chuk market hundreds of years.
Wat Phai prosperity theology.
[Edit] Si Prachan district.
Si Prachan Old Market, Chao Khun home.
Thailand villages Buffalo.
Garden plants without soil.
Macha Park Wat Ban Krang.
Wat Kai Tia.
The island.
Wat Nong persistence.
[Edit] U District.
Ancient U.
Wat Phra Sri Ram Jaya Petcharat selection.
He is well carved.
Khok Chang soil.
National U.
Push the purple park.
[Edit] District Two.
Wat Phai Rong Wua.
The two brothers.
Measured over the board.
It's a perverse pus.
[Edit] District Edimbagnagbwch.
He measured up.
The original.
Marsh and the Complex Chawak Hunting Marsh Chawak.
What Aquarium Pond Chawak honor.
Zoo Lake Chawak.
Marsh Memorial Park, local vegetables for sustenance Chawak.
[Edit] Bang Pla Ma.
Wild polyphony.
Wat Suan Hong.
The wheat.
The Len.
Nine markets.
[Edit] Dan Chang district.
Krasiao dam.
Phu Toei National Park.
[Edit] Nong Ya Sai district.
Outside the grove.
Wat Nong Luang.
The throne.
Measure the amount Chetawan.
^ Information Centre for Management and Administration. Department of the Interior Ministry of Interior "Information dominance." [Online]. Available from: http://www.dopa.go.th/padmic/jungwad76/jungwad76.htm [M.p.p.]. Retrieved April 18, 2553.
^ Office of the Federal Register Department announced that the number of people across the United Kingdom. Bangkok and other provinces are separated by a proof of registration, as of December 31, 2554 the Department of Justice. Ministry of Interior
The Doctor's Office Panupong.

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Love...

Love


Archetypal lovers Romeo and Juliet portrayed by Frank Dicksee
Love is an emotion of a strong affection and personal attachment.[1] Love is also said to be a virtue representing all of human kindness, compassion, and affection —"the unselfish loyal and benevolent concern for the good of another".[2] Love may describe compassionate and affectionate actions towards other humans, one's self or animals.[3]
In English, love refers to a variety of different feelings, states, and attitudes, ranging from pleasure ("I loved that meal") to interpersonal attraction ("I love my partner"). "Love" may refer specifically to the passionate desire and intimacy of romantic love, to the sexual love of eros, to the emotional closeness of familial love, to the platonic love that defines friendship,[4] or to the profound oneness or devotion of religious love,[5] or to a concept of love that encompasses all of those feelings. This diversity of uses and meanings, combined with the complexity of the feelings involved, makes love unusually difficult to consistently define, compared to other emotional states.
Love in its various forms acts as a major facilitator of interpersonal relationships and, owing to its central psychological importance, is one of the most common themes in the creative arts.[6]
Love may be understood as part of the survival instinct, a function to keep human beings together against menaces and to facilitate the continuation of the species.[7]
Contents  [hide]
1 Definitions
2 Impersonal love
3 Interpersonal love
3.1 Biological basis
3.2 Psychological basis
3.3 Evolutionary basis
3.4 Comparison of scientific models
4 Cultural views
4.1 Ancient Greek
4.2 Ancient Roman (Latin)
4.3 Chinese and other Sinic cultures
4.4 Persian
4.5 Japanese
4.6 Turkish (Shaman and Islamic)
5 Religious views
5.1 Abrahamic religions
5.1.1 Christianity
5.1.2 Judaism
5.1.3 Islam
5.2 Eastern religions
5.2.1 Buddhism
5.2.2 Hinduism
6 Political views
6.1 Free love
7 Philosophical views
8 References
9 Sources
10 External links
Definitions

Part of a series on
Love

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The word "love" can have a variety of related but distinct meanings in different contexts. Often, other languages use multiple words to express some of the different concepts that English relies mainly on "love" to encapsulate; one example is the plurality of Greek words for "love." Cultural differences in conceptualizing love thus make it doubly difficult to establish any universal definition.[8]
Although the nature or essence of love is a subject of frequent debate, different aspects of the word can be clarified by determining what isn't love. As a general expression of positive sentiment (a stronger form of like), love is commonly contrasted with hate (or neutral apathy); as a less sexual and more emotionally intimate form of romantic attachment, love is commonly contrasted with lust; and as an interpersonal relationship with romantic overtones, love is sometimes contrasted with friendship, although the word love is often applied to close friendships.


Fraternal love (Prehispanic sculpture from 250–900 A.D., of Huastec origin). Museum of Anthropology in Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico.
When discussed in the abstract, love usually refers to interpersonal love, an experience felt by a person for another person. Love often involves caring for or identifying with a person or thing (cf. vulnerability and care theory of love), including oneself (cf. narcissism). In addition to cross-cultural differences in understanding love, ideas about love have also changed greatly over time. Some historians date modern conceptions of romantic love to courtly Europe during or after the Middle Ages, although the prior existence of romantic attachments is attested by ancient love poetry.[9]
Because of the complex and abstract nature of love, discourse on love is commonly reduced to a thought-terminating cliché, and there are a number of common proverbs regarding love, from Virgil's "Love conquers all" to The Beatles' "All You Need Is Love". St. Thomas Aquinas, following Aristotle, defines love as "to will the good of another."[10] Bertrand Russell describes love as a condition of "absolute value," as opposed to relative value.[citation needed] Philosopher Gottfried Leibniz said that love is "to be delighted by the happiness of another."[11] Biologist Jeremy Griffith defines love as "unconditional selflessness".[12]
Love is sometimes referred to as being the "international language", overriding cultural and linguistic divisions.
Impersonal love

A person can be said to love an object, principle, or goal if they value it greatly and are deeply committed to it. Similarly, compassionate outreach and volunteer workers' "love" of their cause may sometimes be born not of interpersonal love, but impersonal love coupled with altruism and strong spiritual or political convictions.[13] People can also "love" material objects, animals, or activities if they invest themselves in bonding or otherwise identifying with those things. If sexual passion is also involved, this condition is called paraphilia.[14]
Interpersonal love

Interpersonal love refers to love between human beings. It is a more potent sentiment than a simple liking for another. Unrequited love refers to those feelings of love that are not reciprocated. Interpersonal love is most closely associated with interpersonal relationships.[13] Such love might exist between family members, friends, and couples. There are also a number of psychological disorders related to love, such as erotomania.


Pair of Lovers. 1480-1485
Throughout history, philosophy and religion have done the most speculation on the phenomenon of love. In the last century, the science of psychology has written a great deal on the subject. In recent years, the sciences of psychology, anthropology, neuroscience, and biology have added to the understanding of the nature and function of love.
Biological basis
Main article: Biological basis of love
Biological models of sex tend to view love as a mammalian drive, much like hunger or thirst.[15] Helen Fisher, a leading expert in the topic of love, divides the experience of love into three partly overlapping stages: lust, attraction, and attachment. Lust is the feeling of sexual desire; romantic attraction determines what partners mates find attractive and pursue, conserving time and energy by choosing; and attachment involves sharing a home, parental duties, mutual defense, and in humans involves feelings of safety and security.[16] Three distinct neural circuitries, including neurotransmitters, and three behavioral patterns, are associated with these three romantic styles.[16]
Lust is the initial passionate sexual desire that promotes mating, and involves the increased release of chemicals such as testosterone and estrogen. These effects rarely last more than a few weeks or months. Attraction is the more individualized and romantic desire for a specific candidate for mating, which develops out of lust as commitment to an individual mate forms. Recent studies in neuroscience have indicated that as people fall in love, the brain consistently releases a certain set of chemicals, including pheromones, dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin, which act in a manner similar to amphetamines, stimulating the brain's pleasure center and leading to side effects such as increased heart rate, loss of appetite and sleep, and an intense feeling of excitement. Research has indicated that this stage generally lasts from one and a half to three years.[17]
Since the lust and attraction stages are both considered temporary, a third stage is needed to account for long-term relationships. Attachment is the bonding that promotes relationships lasting for many years and even decades. Attachment is generally based on commitments such as marriage and children, or on mutual friendship based on things like shared interests. It has been linked to higher levels of the chemicals oxytocin and vasopressin to a greater degree than short-term relationships have.[17] Enzo Emanuele and coworkers reported the protein molecule known as the nerve growth factor (NGF) has high levels when people first fall in love, but these return to previous levels after one year.[18]
Psychological basis
Further information: Human bonding
Psychology depicts love as a cognitive and social phenomenon. Psychologist Robert Sternberg formulated a triangular theory of love and argued that love has three different components: intimacy, commitment, and passion. Intimacy is a form in which two people share confidences and various details of their personal lives, and is usually shown in friendships and romantic love affairs. Commitment, on the other hand, is the expectation that the relationship is permanent. The last and most common form of love is sexual attraction and passion. Passionate love is shown in infatuation as well as romantic love. All forms of love are viewed as varying combinations of these three components. Non-love does not include any of these components. Liking only includes intimacy. Infatuated love only includes passion. Empty love only includes commitment. Romantic love includes both intimacy and passion. Companionate love includes intimacy and commitment. Fatuous love includes passion and commitment. Lastly, consummate love includes all three.[19] American psychologist Zick Rubin sought to define love by psychometrics in the 1970s. His work states that three factors constitute love: attachment, caring, and intimacy.[20] [21]


Grandmother and grandchild, Sri Lanka
Following developments in electrical theories such as Coulomb's law, which showed that positive and negative charges attract, analogs in human life were developed, such as "opposites attract." Over the last century, research on the nature of human mating has generally found this not to be true when it comes to character and personality—people tend to like people similar to themselves. However, in a few unusual and specific domains, such as immune systems, it seems that humans prefer others who are unlike themselves (e.g., with an orthogonal immune system), since this will lead to a baby that has the best of both worlds.[22] In recent years, various human bonding theories have been developed, described in terms of attachments, ties, bonds, and affinities. Some Western authorities disaggregate into two main components, the altruistic and the narcissistic. This view is represented in the works of Scott Peck, whose work in the field of applied psychology explored the definitions of love and evil. Peck maintains that love is a combination of the "concern for the spiritual growth of another," and simple narcissism.[23] In combination, love is an activity, not simply a feeling.
Psychologist Erich Fromm maintained in his book The Art of Loving that love is not merely a feeling but is also actions, and that in fact, the "feeling" of love is superficial in comparison to ones commitment to love via a series of loving actions over time.[13] In this sense, Fromm held that love is ultimately not a feeling at all, but rather is a commitment to, and adherence to, loving actions towards another, ones self, or many others, over a sustained duration.[13] Fromm also described Love as a conscious choice that in its early stages might originate as an involuntary feeling, but which then later no longer depends on those feelings, but rather depends only on conscious commitment.[13]
Evolutionary basis
Evolutionary psychology has attempted to provide various reasons for love as a survival tool. Humans are dependent on parental help for a large portion of their lifespans comparative to other mammals. Love has therefore been seen as a mechanism to promote parental support of children for this extended time period. Another factor may be that sexually transmitted diseases can cause, among other effects, permanently reduced fertility, injury to the fetus, and increase complications during childbirth. This would favor monogamous relationships over polygamy.[24]
Comparison of scientific models
Biological models of love tend to see it as a mammalian drive, similar to hunger or thirst.[15] Psychology sees love as more of a social and cultural phenomenon. There are probably elements of truth in both views. Certainly love is influenced by hormones (such as oxytocin), neurotrophins (such as NGF), and pheromones, and how people think and behave in love is influenced by their conceptions of love. The conventional view in biology is that there are two major drives in love: sexual attraction and attachment. Attachment between adults is presumed to work on the same principles that lead an infant to become attached to its mother. The traditional psychological view sees love as being a combination of companionate love and passionate love. Passionate love is intense longing, and is often accompanied by physiological arousal (shortness of breath, rapid heart rate); companionate love is affection and a feeling of intimacy not accompanied by physiological arousal.
Cultural views


This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (January 2012)
Ancient Greek
Greek distinguishes several different senses in which the word "love" is used. For example, Ancient Greek has the words philia, eros, agape, storge, and xenia. However, with Greek (as with many other languages), it has been historically difficult to separate the meanings of these words totally. At the same time, the Ancient Greek text of the Bible has examples of the verb agapo having the same meaning as phileo.
Agape (ἀγάπη agápē) means love in modern-day Greek. The term s'agapo means I love you in Greek. The word agapo is the verb I love. It generally refers to a "pure," ideal type of love, rather than the physical attraction suggested by eros. However, there are some examples of agape used to mean the same as eros. It has also been translated as "love of the soul."
Eros (ἔρως érōs) (from the Greek deity Eros) is passionate love, with sensual desire and longing. The Greek word erota means in love. Plato refined his own definition. Although eros is initially felt for a person, with contemplation it becomes an appreciation of the beauty within that person, or even becomes appreciation of beauty itself. Eros helps the soul recall knowledge of beauty and contributes to an understanding of spiritual truth. Lovers and philosophers are all inspired to seek truth by eros. Some translations list it as "love of the body."
Philia (φιλία philía), a dispassionate virtuous love, was a concept addressed and developed by Aristotle.[citation needed] It includes loyalty to friends, family, and community, and requires virtue, equality, and familiarity. Philia is motivated by practical reasons; one or both of the parties benefit from the relationship. It can also mean "love of the mind."
Storge (στοργή storgē) is natural affection, like that felt by parents for offspring.
Xenia (ξενία xenía), hospitality, was an extremely important practice in Ancient Greece. It was an almost ritualized friendship formed between a host and his guest, who could previously have been strangers. The host fed and provided quarters for the guest, who was expected to repay only with gratitude. The importance of this can be seen throughout Greek mythology—in particular, Homer's Iliad and Odyssey.
Ancient Roman (Latin)
The Latin language has several different verbs corresponding to the English word "love." amō is the basic verb meaning I love, with the infinitive amare (“to love”) as it still is in Italian today. The Romans used it both in an affectionate sense as well as in a romantic or sexual sense. From this verb come amans—a lover, amator, "professional lover," often with the accessory notion of lechery—and amica, "girlfriend" in the English sense, often as well being applied euphemistically to a prostitute. The corresponding noun is amor (the significance of this term for the Romans is well illustrated in the fact, that the name of the City, Rome—in Latin: Roma—can be viewed as an anagram for amor, which was used as the secret name of the City in wide circles in ancient times),[25] which is also used in the plural form to indicate love affairs or sexual adventures. This same root also produces amicus—"friend"—and amicitia, "friendship" (often based to mutual advantage, and corresponding sometimes more closely to "indebtedness" or "influence"). Cicero wrote a treatise called On Friendship (de Amicitia), which discusses the notion at some length. Ovid wrote a guide to dating called Ars Amatoria (The Art of Love), which addresses, in depth, everything from extramarital affairs to overprotective parents.
Latin sometimes uses amāre where English would simply say to like. This notion, however, is much more generally expressed in Latin by placere or delectāre, which are used more colloquially, the latter used frequently in the love poetry of Catullus. Diligere often has the notion "to be affectionate for," "to esteem," and rarely if ever is used for romantic love. This word would be appropriate to describe the friendship of two men. The corresponding noun diligentia, however, has the meaning of "diligence" or "carefulness," and has little semantic overlap with the verb. Observare is a synonym for diligere; despite the cognate with English, this verb and its corresponding noun, observantia, often denote "esteem" or "affection." Caritas is used in Latin translations of the Christian Bible to mean "charitable love"; this meaning, however, is not found in Classical pagan Roman literature. As it arises from a conflation with a Greek word, there is no corresponding verb.
Chinese and other Sinic cultures


"Ai," the traditional Chinese character for love (愛) consists of a heart (middle) inside of "accept," "feel," or "perceive," which shows a graceful emotion. It can also be interpreted as a hand offering ones heart to another hand.
Two philosophical underpinnings of love exist in the Chinese tradition, one from Confucianism which emphasized actions and duty while the other came from Mohism which championed a universal love. A core concept to Confucianism is Ren ("benevolent love", 仁), which focuses on duty, action and attitude in a relationship rather than love itself. In Confucianism, one displays benevolent love by performing actions such as filial piety from children, kindness from parent, loyalty to the king and so forth.
The concept of Ai (愛) was developed by the Chinese philosopher Mozi in the 4th century BC in reaction to Confucianism's benevolent love. Mozi tried to replace what he considered to be the long-entrenched Chinese over-attachment to family and clan structures with the concept of "universal love" (jiān'ài, 兼愛). In this, he argued directly against Confucians who believed that it was natural and correct for people to care about different people in different degrees. Mozi, by contrast, believed people in principle should care for all people equally. Mohism stressed that rather than adopting different attitudes towards different people, love should be unconditional and offered to everyone without regard to reciprocation, not just to friends, family and other Confucian relations. Later in Chinese Buddhism, the term Ai (愛) was adopted to refer to a passionate caring love and was considered a fundamental desire. In Buddhism, Ai was seen as capable of being either selfish or selfless, the latter being a key element towards enlightenment.
In contemporary Chinese, Ai (愛) is often used as the equivalent of the Western concept of love. Ai is used as both a verb (e.g. wo ai ni 我愛你, or "I love you") and a noun (such as aiqing 愛情, or "romantic love"). However, due to the influence of Confucian Ren, the phrase ‘Wo ai ni’ (I love you) carries with it a very specific sense of responsibility, commitment and loyalty. Instead of frequently saying "I love you" as in some Western societies, the Chinese are more likely to express feelings of affection in a more casual way. Consequently, "I like you" (Wo xihuan ni, 我喜欢你) is a more common way of expressing affection in Chinese; it is more playful and less serious.[26] This is also true in Japanese (suki da, 好きだ). The Chinese are also more likely to say "I love you" in English or other foreign languages than they would in their mother tongue.
Persian
Rumi, Hafiz and Sa'di are icons of the passion and love that the Persian culture and language present. The Persian word for love is eshgh[citation needed], derived from the Arabic ishq, however is considered by most to be too stalwart a term for interpersonal love and is more commonly substituted for 'doost dashtan' ('liking')[citation needed]. In the Persian culture, everything is encompassed by love and all is for love, starting from loving friends and family, husbands and wives, and eventually reaching the divine love that is the ultimate goal in life[citation needed]. Over seven centuries ago, Sa'di wrote:
The children of Adam are limbs of one body
Having been created of one essence.
When the calamity of time afflicts one limb
The other limbs cannot remain at rest.
If you have no sympathy for the troubles of others
You are not worthy to be called by the name of "man."
Japanese


Ohatsu and Tokubei, characters of Sonezaki Shinjū
In Japanese Buddhism, ai (愛) is passionate caring love, and a fundamental desire. It can develop towards either selfishness or selflessness and enlightenment. Amae (甘え), a Japanese word meaning "indulgent dependence," is part of the child-rearing culture of Japan. Japanese mothers are expected to hug and indulge their children, and children are expected to reward their mothers by clinging and serving. Some sociologists have suggested that Japanese social interactions in later life are modeled on the mother-child amae.
Turkish (Shaman and Islamic)
In Turkish, the word "love" comes up with several meanings. A person can love a god, a person, parents, or family. But that person can "love" just one special person, which they call the word "aşk." Aşk is a feeling for to love, or being "in love" (Aşık), as it still is in Turkish today. The Turks used this word just for their loves in a romantic or sexual sense. If a Turk says that he is in love (Aşık) with somebody, it is not a love that a person can feel for his or her parents; it is just for one person, and it indicates a huge infatuation. The word is also common for Turkic languages, such as Azerbaijani (eşq) and Kazakh (ғашық).
Religious views

Main article: Religious views on love
Abrahamic religions


Robert Indiana's 1977 Love sculpture spelling ahava.
Christianity
The Christian understanding is that love comes from God. The love of man and woman—eros in Greek—and the unselfish love of others (agape), are often contrasted as "ascending" and "descending" love, respectively, but are ultimately the same thing.[27]
There are several Greek words for "love" that are regularly referred to in Christian circles.
Agape: In the New Testament, agapē is charitable, selfless, altruistic, and unconditional. It is parental love, seen as creating goodness in the world; it is the way God is seen to love humanity, and it is seen as the kind of love that Christians aspire to have for one another.
Phileo: Also used in the New Testament, phileo is a human response to something that is found to be delightful. Also known as "brotherly love."
Two other words for love in the Greek language, eros (sexual love) and storge (child-to-parent love), were never used in the New Testament.
Christians believe that to Love God with all your heart, mind, and strength and Love your neighbor as yourself are the two most important things in life (the greatest commandment of the Jewish Torah, according to Jesus; cf. Gospel of Mark chapter 12, verses 28–34). Saint Augustine summarized this when he wrote "Love God, and do as thou wilt."


Sacred Love Versus Profane Love (1602–03) by Giovanni Baglione. Intended as an attack on his hated enemy the artist Caravaggio, it shows a boy (hinting at Caravaggio's homosexuality) on one side, a devil with Caravaggio's face on the other, and between an angel representing pure, meaning non-erotic, love.
The Apostle Paul glorified love as the most important virtue of all. Describing love in the famous poem in 1 Corinthians, he wrote, "Love is patient, love is kind. It does not envy, it does not boast, it is not proud. It is not rude, it is not self-seeking, it is not easily angered, it keeps no record of wrongs. Love does not delight in evil but rejoices with the truth. It always protects, always trusts, always hopes, and always perseveres." (1 Cor. 13:4–7, NIV)
Relationships
Types[show]
Activities[show]
Endings[show]
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The Apostle John wrote, "For God so loved the world that he gave his one and only Son, that whoever believes in him shall not perish but have eternal life. For God did not send his Son into the world to condemn the world, but to save the world through him." (John 3:16–17, NIV) John also wrote, "Dear friends, let us love one another for love comes from God. Everyone who loves has been born of God and knows God. Whoever does not love does not know God, because God is love." (1 John 4:7–8, NIV)
Saint Augustine says that one must be able to decipher the difference between love and lust. Lust, according to Saint Augustine, is an overindulgence, but to love and be loved is what he has sought for his entire life. He even says, “I was in love with love.” Finally, he does fall in love and is loved back, by God. Saint Augustine says the only one who can love you truly and fully is God, because love with a human only allows for flaws such as “jealousy, suspicion, fear, anger, and contention.” According to Saint Augustine, to love God is “to attain the peace which is yours.” (Saint Augustine's Confessions)
Christian theologians see God as the source of love, which is mirrored in humans and their own loving relationships. Influential Christian theologian C.S. Lewis wrote a book called The Four Loves. Benedict XVI wrote his first encyclical on "God is love". He said that a human being, created in the image of God, who is love, is able to practice love; to give himself to God and others (agape) and by receiving and experiencing God's love in contemplation (eros). This life of love, according to him, is the life of the saints such as Teresa of Calcutta and the Blessed Virgin Mary and is the direction Christians take when they believe that God loves them.[27]
In Christianity the practical definition of love is best summarised by St. Thomas Aquinas, who defined love as "to will the good of another," or to desire for another to succeed.[10] This is the explanation of the Christian need to love others, including their enemies. As Thomas Aquinas explains, Christian love is motivated by the need to see others succeed in life, to be good people.
Judaism
In Hebrew, Ahava is the most commonly used term for both interpersonal love and love between God and God's creations. Chesed, often translated as loving-kindness, is used to describe many forms of love between human beings.
The commandment to love other people is given in the Torah, which states, "Love your neighbor like yourself" (Leviticus 19:18). The Torah's commandment to love God "with all your heart, with all your soul and with all your might" (Deuteronomy 6:5) is taken by the Mishnah (a central text of the Jewish oral law) to refer to good deeds, willingness to sacrifice one's life rather than commit certain serious transgressions, willingness to sacrifice all of one's possessions, and being grateful to the Lord despite adversity (tractate Berachoth 9:5). Rabbinic literature differs as to how this love can be developed, e.g., by contemplating divine deeds or witnessing the marvels of nature. As for love between marital partners, this is deemed an essential ingredient to life: "See life with the wife you love" (Ecclesiastes 9:9). The biblical book Song of Solomon is considered a romantically phrased metaphor of love between God and his people, but in its plain reading, reads like a love song. The 20th-century Rabbi Eliyahu Eliezer Dessler is frequently quoted as defining love from the Jewish point of view as "giving without expecting to take" (from his Michtav me-Eliyahu, Vol. 1).
Islam
Love encompasses the Islamic view of life as universal brotherhood that applies to all who hold faith. Amongst the 99 names of God (Allah), there is the name Al-Wadud, or "the Loving One," which is found in Surah [Quran 11:90] as well as Surah [Quran 85:14]. God is also referenced at the beginning of every chapter in the Qur'an as Ar-Rahman and Ar-Rahim, or the "Most Compassionate" and the "Most Merciful", indicating that nobody is more loving, compassionate and benevolent than God. The Qur'an refers to God as being "full of loving kindness."
The Qur'an exhorts Muslim believers to treat all people, those who have not persecuted them, with birr or "deep kindness" as stated in Surah [Quran 6:8-9]. Birr is also used by the Qur'an in describing the love and kindness that children must show to their parents.
Ishq, or divine love, is the emphasis of Sufism in the Islamic tradition. Practitioners of Sufism believe that love is a projection of the essence of God to the universe. God desires to recognize beauty, and as if one looks at a mirror to see oneself, God "looks" at himself within the dynamics of nature. Since everything is a reflection of God, the school of Sufism practices to see the beauty inside the apparently ugly. Sufism is often referred to as the religion of love.[citation needed] God in Sufism is referred to in three main terms, which are the Lover, Loved, and Beloved, with the last of these terms being often seen in Sufi poetry. A common viewpoint of Sufism is that through love, humankind can get back to its inherent purity and grace. The saints of Sufism are infamous for being "drunk" due to their love of God; hence, the constant reference to wine in Sufi poetry and music.[28]
Eastern religions
Buddhism
In Buddhism, Kāma is sensuous, sexual love. It is an obstacle on the path to enlightenment, since it is selfish. Karuṇā is compassion and mercy, which reduces the suffering of others. It is complementary to wisdom and is necessary for enlightenment. Adveṣa and mettā are benevolent love. This love is unconditional and requires considerable self-acceptance. This is quite different from ordinary love, which is usually about attachment and sex and which rarely occurs without self-interest. Instead, in Buddhism it refers to detachment and unselfish interest in others' welfare.
The Bodhisattva ideal in Mahayana Buddhism involves the complete renunciation of oneself in order to take on the burden of a suffering world. The strongest motivation one has in order to take the path of the Bodhisattva is the idea of salvation within unselfish, altruistic love for all sentient beings.
Hinduism


Kama (left) with Rati on a temple wall of Chennakesava Temple, Belur
In Hinduism, kāma is pleasurable, sexual love, personified by the god Kamadeva. For many Hindu schools, it is the third end (Kama) in life. Kamadeva is often pictured holding a bow of sugar cane and an arrow of flowers; he may ride upon a great parrot. He is usually accompanied by his consort Rati and his companion Vasanta, lord of the spring season. Stone images of Kamadeva and Rati can be seen on the door of the Chennakeshava temple at Belur, in Karnataka, India. Maara is another name for kāma.
In contrast to kāma, prema – or prem – refers to elevated love. Karuna is compassion and mercy, which impels one to help reduce the suffering of others. Bhakti is a Sanskrit term, meaning "loving devotion to the supreme God." A person who practices bhakti is called a bhakta. Hindu writers, theologians, and philosophers have distinguished nine forms of bhakti, which can be found in the Bhagavata Purana and works by Tulsidas. The philosophical work Narada Bhakti Sutras, written by an unknown author (presumed to be Narada), distinguishes eleven forms of love.
In certain Vaishnava sects within Hinduism, attaining unaldulterated, unconditional and incessant love for Godhead is considered the foremost goal of life. Gaudiya Vaishnavas who worship Krishna as the Supreme Personality of Godhead and the cause of all causes consider Love for Godhead (Prema) to act in two ways: sambhoga and vipralambha (union and separation) — two opposites .[29]
In the condition of separation, there is an acute yearning for being with the beloved and in the condition of union there is supreme happiness and nectarean. Gaudiya Vaishnavas consider that Krishna-prema (Love for Godhead) is not fire but that it still burns away one's material desires. They consider that Kṛṣṇa-prema is not a weapon, but it still pierces the heart. It is not water, but it washes away everything — one's pride, religious rules, and one's shyness. Krishna-prema is considered to make one drown in the ocean of transcendental ecstasy and pleasure. The love of Radha, a cowherd girl, for Krishna is often cited as the supreme example of love for Godhead by Gaudiya Vaishnavas. Radha is considered to be the internal potency of Krishna, and is the supreme lover of Godhead. Her example of love is considered to be beyond the understanding of material realm as it surpasses any form of selfish love or lust that is visibile in the material world. The reciprocal love between Radha (the supreme lover) and Krishna (God as the Supremely Loved) is the subject of many poetic compositions in India such as the Gita Govinda and Hari Bhakti Shuddhodhaya.
In the Bhakti tradition within Hinduism, it is believed that execution of devotional service to God leads to the development of Love for God (taiche bhakti-phale krsne prema upajaya), and as love for God increases in the heart, the more one becomes free from material contamination (krishna-prema asvada haile, bhava nasa paya). Being perfectly in love with God or Krishna makes one perfectly free from material contamination. and this is the ultimate way of salvation or liberation. In this tradition, salvation or liberation is considered inferior to love, and just an incidental by-product. Being absorbed in Love for God is considered to be the perfection of life.[30]
Political views

Free love
Main article: Free love
The term free love has been used [31] to describe a social movement that rejects marriage, which is seen as a form of social bondage. The Free Love movement’s initial goal was to separate the state from sexual matters such as marriage, birth control, and adultery. It claimed that such issues were the concern of the people involved, and no one else.[32]
Much of the free-love tradition is an offshoot of anarchism, and reflects a civil libertarian philosophy that seeks freedom from state regulation and church interference in personal relationships. According to this concept, the free unions of adults are legitimate relations which should be respected by all third parties whether they are emotional or sexual relations. In addition, some free-love writing has argued that both men and women have the right to sexual pleasure. In the Victorian era, this was a radical notion. Later, a new theme developed, linking free love with radical social change, and depicting it as a harbinger of a new anti-authoritarian, anti-repressive sensibility.[33]
Many people in the early 19th century believed that marriage was an important aspect of life to "fulfill earthly human happiness." Middle-class Americans wanted the home to be a place of stability in an uncertain world. This mentality created a vision on strongly defined gender roles, which led to the advancement of the free love movement.[34]
While the phrase free love is often associated with promiscuity in the popular imagination, especially in reference to the counterculture of the 1960s and 1970s, historically the free-love movement has not advocated multiple sexual partners or short-term sexual relationships. Rather, it has argued that love relations that are freely entered into should not be regulated by law.
The term "sex radical" is also used interchangeably with the term "free lover", and was the preferred term by advocates because of the negative connotations of "free love".[citation needed] By whatever name, advocates had two strong beliefs: opposition to the idea of forceful sexual activity in a relationship and advocacy for a woman to use her body in any way that she pleases.[35] These are also beliefs of Feminism.
Laws of particular concern to free love movements have included those that prevent an unmarried couple from living together, and those that regulate adultery and divorce, as well as age of consent, birth control, homosexuality, abortion, and sometimes prostitution; although not all free love advocates agree on these issues. The abrogation of individual rights in marriage is also a concern—for example, some jurisdictions do not recognize spousal rape or treat it less seriously than non-spousal rape. Free-love movements since the 19th century have also defended the right to publicly discuss sexuality and have battled obscenity laws.
Philosophical views

Main article: Philosophy of love
Philosophy of love is the field of social philosophy and ethics which attempts to explain the nature of love. The philosophical investigation of love includes the tasks of distinguishing between the various kinds of personal love; asking if and how love is/can be justified; asking what the value of love is; and what impact love has on the autonomy of both the lover and the beloved.
There are many different theories which attempt to explain what love is, and what function it serves. It would be very difficult to explain love to a hypothetical person who had not himself or herself experienced love or being loved. In fact, to such a person love would appear to be quite strange if not outright irrational behavior. Among the prevailing types of theories that attempt to account for the existence of love there are: psychological theories, the vast majority of which consider love to be very healthy behavior; there are evolutionary theories which hold that love is part of the process of natural selection; there are spiritual theories which may, for instance consider love to be a gift from God; there are also theories that consider love to be an unexplainable mystery, very much like a mystical experience.
References



Look up I love you in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Love
 Media related to Love at Wikimedia Commons
 Quotations related to Love at Wikiquote
 The dictionary definition of love at Wiktionary
 Learning materials related to Have a Happy Relationship at Wikiversity

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